patior
Latin
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editApparently denominative from Proto-Indo-European *ph₁-tós, participle of *peh₁- (“to hurt”), though this morphology would be highly irregular.[1] Cognate with paene, paeniteō, pēnūria, Ancient Greek πῆμα (pêma), πηρός (pērós), Old English feond (“devil, enemy”) (English fiend), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌽 (faian, “to blame”), Proto-Slavic *patiti (“to suffer, to fare misfortune”).
An alternative theory derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *pet- (“to fly, fall”), with semantic shift "to befall" > "to experience" > "to suffer".[1]
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈpa.ti.or/, [ˈpät̪iɔr]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈpat.t͡si.or/, [ˈpät̪ː͡s̪ior]
Verb
editpatior (present infinitive patī, perfect active passus sum); third conjugation iō-variant, deponent
- (transitive) to suffer, endure, tolerate
- Synonyms: tolerō, patiō, sufferō, subeō, perferō, perpetior, recipiō, accipiō, sinō, ferō, dūrō, sustineō, sustentō
- (transitive) to allow, acquiesce, permit, submit
- (intransitive) to exist, live
- Pati sine regno
- To live without a king.
Conjugation
editConjugation of patior (third conjugation iō-variant, deponent) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | patior | pateris, patere |
patitur | patimur | patiminī | patiuntur |
imperfect | patiēbar | patiēbāris, patiēbāre |
patiēbātur | patiēbāmur | patiēbāminī | patiēbantur | |
future | patiar | patiēris, patiēre |
patiētur | patiēmur | patiēminī | patientur | |
perfect | passus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | passus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
future perfect | passus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | patiar | patiāris, patiāre |
patiātur | patiāmur | patiāminī | patiantur |
imperfect | paterer | paterēris, paterēre |
paterētur | paterēmur | paterēminī | paterentur | |
perfect | passus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | passus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
imperative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | — | patere | — | — | patiminī | — |
future | — | patitor | patitor | — | — | patiuntor | |
non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
infinitives | patī | passum esse | passūrum esse | — | — | — | |
participles | patiēns | passus | passūrus | — | — | patiendus, patiundus | |
verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
patiendī | patiendō | patiendum | patiendō | passum | passū |
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editDescendants
editReflexes of an assumed variant *patīre:
- Balkan Romance:
- Italo-Romance:
- North Italian:
- Istriot: padì
- Gallo-Romance:
- Occitan:
- Auvergnat: padir
- Vivaro-Alpine: [pådyi]
- Occitan:
- Ibero-Romance:
References
edit- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “pati”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 8: Patavia–Pix, page 15
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “patior”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 450
Further reading
edit- “patior”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “patior”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- patior in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to suffer wrong: iniuriam ferre, pati
- to grant a people its independence: populum liberum esse, libertate uti, sui iuris esse pati
- (ambiguous) to extend in breadth, in length: in latitudinem, in longitudinem patere
- (ambiguous) to have a wide extent: late patere (also metaphorically vid. sect. VIII. 8)
- to suffer wrong: iniuriam ferre, pati
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag
Categories:
- Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₁-
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pet-
- Latin 3-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin verbs
- Latin transitive verbs
- Latin terms with quotations
- Latin terms with usage examples
- Latin intransitive verbs
- Latin third conjugation verbs
- Latin third conjugation deponent verbs
- Latin deponent verbs
- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook