refutar

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin refūtāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [rə.fuˈta]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [re.fuˈtaɾ]
• Rhymes: -a(ɾ)

Verb

refutar (first-person singular present refuto, first-person singular preterite refutí, past participle refutat)

1. to refute

Conjugation

    Conjugation of refutar (first conjugation)

infinitive			refutar
gerund			refutant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		refutat		refutada
		plural		refutats		refutades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	refuto	refutes	refuta	refutem	refuteu	refuten
	imperfect	refutava	refutaves	refutava	refutàvem	refutàveu	refutaven
	future	refutaré	refutaràs	refutarà	refutarem	refutareu	refutaran
	preterite	refutí	refutares	refutà	refutàrem	refutàreu	refutaren
	conditional	refutaria	refutaries	refutaria	refutaríem	refutaríeu	refutarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	refuti	refutis	refuti	refutem	refuteu	refutin
	imperfect	refutés	refutessis	refutés	refutéssim	refutéssiu	refutessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	refuta	refuti	refutem	refuteu	refutin
	negative (no)	—	no refutis	no refuti	no refutem	no refuteu	no refutin

Further reading

• “refutar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “refutar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “refutar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “refutar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Galician

Etymology

From Latin refūtō.

Verb

refutar (first-person singular present refuto, first-person singular preterite refutei, past participle refutado)

1. (transitive) to refute (to prove (something) to be false or incorrect)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of refutar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	refutar
Personal	refutar	refutares	refutar	refutarmos	refutardes	refutaren
Gerund
	refutando
Past participle
Masculine	refutado			refutados
Feminine	refutada			refutadas
Indicative
Present	refuto	refutas	refuta	refutamos	refutades	refutan
Imperfect	refutaba	refutabas	refutaba	refutabamos	refutabades	refutaban
Preterite	refutei	refutaches	refutou	refutamos	refutastes	refutaron
Pluperfect	refutara	refutaras	refutara	refutaramos	refutarades	refutaran
Future	refutarei	refutarás	refutará	refutaremos	refutaredes	refutarán
Conditional	refutaría	refutarías	refutaría	refutariamos	refutariades	refutarían
Subjunctive
Present	refute	refutes	refute	refutemos	refutedes	refuten
Imperfect	refutase	refutases	refutase	refutásemos	refutásedes	refutasen
Future	refutar	refutares	refutar	refutarmos	refutardes	refutaren
Imperative
Affirmative		refuta	refute	refutemos	refutade	refuten
Negative (non)		non refutes	non refute	non refutemos	non refutedes	non refuten

    Reintegrated conjugation of refutar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	refutar
Personal	refutar	refutares	refutar	refutarmos	refutardes	refutarem
Gerund
	refutando
Past participle
Masculine	refutado			refutados
Feminine	refutada			refutadas
Indicative
Present	refuto	refutas	refuta	refutamos	refutades, refutais	refutam
Imperfect	refutava	refutavas	refutava	refutávamos	refutávades, refutáveis, refutávais1	refutavam
Preterite	refutei	refutaste, refutache1	refutou	refutamos	refutastes	refutárom, refutaram
Pluperfect	refutara	refutaras	refutara	refutáramos	refutárades, refutáreis, refutárais1	refutaram
Future	refutarei	refutarás	refutará	refutaremos	refutaredes, refutareis	refutarám, refutarão
Conditional	refutaria	refutarias	refutaria	refutaríamos	refutaríades, refutaríeis, refutaríais1	refutariam
Subjunctive
Present	refute	refutes	refute	refutemos	refutedes, refuteis	refutem
Imperfect	refutasse	refutasses	refutasse	refutássemos	refutássedes, refutásseis	refutassem
Future	refutar	refutares	refutar	refutarmos	refutardes	refutarem
Imperative
Affirmative		refuta	refute	refutemos	refutade, refutai	refutem
Negative (nom)		nom refutes	nom refute	nom refutemos	nom refutedes, nom refuteis	nom refutem

¹Less recommended.

Further reading

• “refutar” in DIGALEGO - Dicionario de Galego, Ir Indo 2004, Xunta de Galicia 2013.
• “refutar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “refutar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

Ido

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /refuˈtar/

Verb

refutar (present tense refutas, past tense refutis, future tense refutos, imperative refutez, conditional refutus)

1. to refute, to disprove, rebut

Conjugation

    Conjugation of refutar

		present		past		future
infinitive		refutar		refutir		refutor
tense		refutas		refutis		refutos
conditional		refutus
imperative		refutez
adjective active participle		refutanta		refutinta		refutonta
adverbial active participle		refutante		refutinte		refutonte
nominal active participle	singular	refutanto		refutinto		refutonto
	plural	refutanti		refutinti		refutonti
adjective passive participle		refutata		refutita		refutota
adverbial passive participle		refutate		refutite		refutote
nominal passive participle	singular	refutato		refutito		refutoto
	plural	refutati		refutiti		refutoti

Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin refūtāre.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʁe.fuˈta(ʁ)/ [he.fuˈta(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʁe.fuˈta(ʁ)/ [he.fuˈta(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ʁe.fuˈta(ɾ)/ [he.fuˈta(ɾ)]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ʁe.fuˈta(ʁ)/ [χe.fuˈta(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʁe.fuˈta(ɻ)/ [he.fuˈta(ɻ)]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ʁɨ.fuˈtaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ʁɨ.fuˈtaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ʁɨ.fuˈta.ɾi/

Verb

refutar (first-person singular present refuto, first-person singular preterite refutei, past participle refutado)

1. (transitive) to refute (to prove (something) to be false or incorrect)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of refutar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	refutar
Personal	refutar	refutares	refutar	refutarmos	refutardes	refutarem
Gerund
	refutando
Past participle
Masculine	refutado			refutados
Feminine	refutada			refutadas
Indicative
Present	refuto	refutas	refuta	refutamos	refutais	refutam
Imperfect	refutava	refutavas	refutava	refutávamos	refutáveis	refutavam
Preterite	refutei	refutaste	refutou	refutamos1, refutámos2	refutastes	refutaram
Pluperfect	refutara	refutaras	refutara	refutáramos	refutáreis	refutaram
Future	refutarei	refutarás	refutará	refutaremos	refutareis	refutarão
Conditional	refutaria	refutarias	refutaria	refutaríamos	refutaríeis	refutariam
Subjunctive
Present	refute	refutes	refute	refutemos	refuteis	refutem
Imperfect	refutasse	refutasses	refutasse	refutássemos	refutásseis	refutassem
Future	refutar	refutares	refutar	refutarmos	refutardes	refutarem
Imperative
Affirmative		refuta	refute	refutemos	refutai	refutem
Negative (não)		não refutes	não refute	não refutemos	não refuteis	não refutem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Related terms

• refutável

Further reading

• “refutar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin refūtāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /refuˈtaɾ/ [re.fuˈt̪aɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: re‧fu‧tar

Verb

refutar (first-person singular present refuto, first-person singular preterite refuté, past participle refutado)

1. to refute

   Synonym: contradecir

Conjugation

    Conjugation of refutar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			refutar
gerund			refutando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		refutado		refutada
		plural		refutados		refutadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	refuto	refutastú refutásvos	refuta	refutamos	refutáis	refutan
	imperfect	refutaba	refutabas	refutaba	refutábamos	refutabais	refutaban
	preterite	refuté	refutaste	refutó	refutamos	refutasteis	refutaron
	future	refutaré	refutarás	refutará	refutaremos	refutaréis	refutarán
	conditional	refutaría	refutarías	refutaría	refutaríamos	refutaríais	refutarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	refute	refutestú refutésvos2	refute	refutemos	refutéis	refuten
	imperfect (ra)	refutara	refutaras	refutara	refutáramos	refutarais	refutaran
	imperfect (se)	refutase	refutases	refutase	refutásemos	refutaseis	refutasen
	future1	refutare	refutares	refutare	refutáremos	refutareis	refutaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		refutatú refutávos	refute	refutemos	refutad	refuten
	negative		no refutes	no refute	no refutemos	no refutéis	no refuten

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of refutar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive refutar	dative	refutarme	refutarte	refutarle, refutarse	refutarnos	refutaros	refutarles, refutarse
	accusative	refutarme	refutarte	refutarlo, refutarla, refutarse	refutarnos	refutaros	refutarlos, refutarlas, refutarse
with gerund refutando	dative	refutándome	refutándote	refutándole, refutándose	refutándonos	refutándoos	refutándoles, refutándose
	accusative	refutándome	refutándote	refutándolo, refutándola, refutándose	refutándonos	refutándoos	refutándolos, refutándolas, refutándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative refuta	dative	refútame	refútate	refútale	refútanos	not used	refútales
	accusative	refútame	refútate	refútalo, refútala	refútanos	not used	refútalos, refútalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative refutá	dative	refutame	refutate	refutale	refutanos	not used	refutales
	accusative	refutame	refutate	refutalo, refutala	refutanos	not used	refutalos, refutalas
with formal second-person singular imperative refute	dative	refúteme	not used	refútele, refútese	refútenos	not used	refúteles
	accusative	refúteme	not used	refútelo, refútela, refútese	refútenos	not used	refútelos, refútelas
with first-person plural imperative refutemos	dative	not used	refutémoste	refutémosle	refutémonos	refutémoos	refutémosles
	accusative	not used	refutémoste	refutémoslo, refutémosla	refutémonos	refutémoos	refutémoslos, refutémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative refutad	dative	refutadme	not used	refutadle	refutadnos	refutaos	refutadles
	accusative	refutadme	not used	refutadlo, refutadla	refutadnos	refutaos	refutadlos, refutadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative refuten	dative	refútenme	not used	refútenle	refútennos	not used	refútenles, refútense
	accusative	refútenme	not used	refútenlo, refútenla	refútennos	not used	refútenlos, refútenlas, refútense

Further reading

• “refutar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10