wšb

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈwaːʃab/ → /ˈwaːʃab/ → /ˈwaːʃəb/ → /ˈwoːʃəβ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈwaːʃab/ (infinitive)
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈwaːʃab/ (infinitive)
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈwaːʃəb/ (infinitive)
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈwoːʃəβ/ (infinitive)

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /wɛʃɛb/
  • Conventional anglicization: wesheb

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive or intransitive) to answer
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 13–17:

     jꜥ tw jmj mw ḥr ḏbꜥw.k jḫ wšb.k wšd.t(w).k mdw.k n nswt jb.k m-ꜥ.k wšb.k nn njtjt

     Wash yourself, put water on your fingers,
     so you might answer when you are addressed, speak to the king with your mind in your possession, and answer without stammering.

Inflection

Conjugation of wšb (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: wšb, geminated stem: wšbb

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
wšb	wšbw, wšb	wšbt	wšb	wšb

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
wšb	ḥr wšb	m wšb	r wšb

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	wšb.n	wšbw, wšb	consecutive	wšb.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	wšbt
perfective3	wšb	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	wšb.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	wšb	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	wšb	wšbb	potentialis1	wšb.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	wšb	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	wšb.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	wšb	active + .tj1, .tw2	wšb	wšb, wšbw5, wšby5
imperfective	wšb, wšby, wšbw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	wšb, wšbj6, wšby6	wšb, wšbw5
prospective	wšb, wšbtj7	—	wšbtj4, wšbt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Descendants

• Akhmimic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱϣⲃⲉ (ouōšbe)
• Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ (ouōšb)
• Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱϣⲃ (ouōšb), ⲟⲩⲱϣϥ (ouōšf)

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 174.