Franxa de Gaza

Franxa de Gaza
Epónimo	Gaza
Localización
	31°27′N 34°24′L / 31.45, 34.4
Territorio reivindicado por	Israel
Estado	Estado de Palestina
Capital	Gaza
Contén a división administrativa	Deir al_Balah (pt) ; Gaza Governorate (en) ; Gobernación de Rafa ; Governamento Nord de Gaza (pt) ; Khan Yunis Governorate (en)
Poboación
Poboación	2.098.389 (2023) (5.749,01 hab./km²)
Lingua oficial	lingua árabe
Xeografía
Parte de	Estado de Palestina ; Oriente Medio ; Asia Occidental
Superficie	365 km²
Lonxitude da costa	42 km
Bañado por	Besor River (en) e Mar Mediterráneo
Punto máis alto	Abu Auda (105 m)
Comparte fronteira con	Exipto ; Israel
Datos históricos
Creación	1949
agosto de 2005	Evento clave
agosto de 2005	Plan de retirada unilateral israelí
25 de xaneiro de 2006	conflito Fatah-Hamas
10 de xuño de 2007	Batalla de Gaza de 2007
27 de decembro de 2008	Operación chumbo fundido
31 de maio de 2010	Ataque á flotilla de Gaza
14 de novembro de 2012	Operação Pilar Defensivo (pt)
2014	Operación Marxe Protectora
30 de marzo de 2018	Grande Marcha do Retorno (pt)
década de 2020	Conflito israelí-palestino de 2023
maio de 2021	Operation Guardian of the Walls (en)
agosto de 2022	Bombardeio da Faixa de Gaza por Israel em 2022 (pt)
Organización política
• Xefe do goberno	Mahmoud Abbas (2004–)
Moeda	Novo sheqel
Identificador descritivo
Fuso horario	UTC+02:00, Palestine Standard Time (en) ; UTC+03:00, Palestine Summer Time (en)
Prefixo telefónico	+970
ISO 3166-2	GZZ

Este é un artigo sobre un territorio de Palestina, se procura outro artigo de igual nome vexa Gaza.

A Franxa^[1] de Gaza (en árabe: قطاع غزة, Qita' Ghazzah; en hebreo: רצועת עזה, Retzu'at 'Azza) é un estreito anaco de terra que se atopa na costa oriental do mar Mediterráneo,^[2] limitado por Israel polo leste e norte, e por Exipto polo suroeste. Cunha poboación de 2 millóns de persoas^[3] concentradas en 365 km², Gaza ten unha densidade de poboación comparablemente alta.^[4]^[5] É un dos dous territorios palestinos, xunto con Cisxordania.^[6]^[7] Dende 2007, Gaza é gobernada de facto como un estado de partido único polo grupo político e militar islamita sunnita Hamas.^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]

Este artigo amosa letras árabes. Sen o soporte axeitado, o texto pode mostrar símbolos sen sentido, coma caixas, marcas e outros.

Este artigo amosa escritos hebraicos. Sen o soporte axeitado, o texto pode mostrar símbolos sen sentido, coma caixas, marcas e outros.

A Franxa de Gaza xurdiu nun principio como territorio ocupado por Exipto logo da guerra árabe-israelí de 1948. Despois da guerra dos Seis Días de 1967, o territorio pasou baixo o control militar israelí até o plan de retirada de 2005. Na década de 1990, como parte dos Acordos de Oslo, a administración sobre a maior parte da área foi entregada á Autoridade Nacional Palestina, xunto coa existencia de asentamentos israelís nalgunhas áreas, que foron evacuadas en 2005 para a desvinculación israelí de Gaza. Logo da retirada de Israel, en 2006 Hamas gañou as últimas eleccións lexislativas celebradas en Palestina e comezou a administrar Gaza; tomou o control total dunha pequena guerra civil o ano seguinte.^[9] Desde entón, Hamas reprimiu e executou brutalmente os seus opositores.^[12]

Historia

Gaza foi parte do Imperio Otomán antes de ser ocupada polo Reino Unido (1918–1948), Exipto (1948–1967), e despois Israel, que en 1993 concedeu á Autoridade Nacional Palestina un autogoberno limitado en Gaza de acordo cos Acordos de Oslo. Dende 2007, a Franxa de Gaza foi gobernada de facto como un estado de partido único por Hamas, que di representar ao Estado de Palestina e ao pobo palestino.^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]

Conflito israelí-palestino de 2023

Artigo principal: Conflito israelí-palestino de 2023.

O 7 de outubro de 2023, Hamas lanzou un ataque a grande escala contra Israel dende a Franxa de Gaza, matando unhas 1.300 persoas e tomando cando menos uns 199 reféns.^[13] O 9 de outubro de 2023, Israel declaroulle a guerra a Hamas e impuxo un "bloqueo total" sobre a Franxa de Gaza.^[14] O bloqueo foi anunciado polo ministro de Defensa israelí Yoav Gallant, quen declarou: "Non haberá electricidade, nin comida, nin combustible, todo está pechado. Estamos loitando contra animais humanos e actuamos en consecuencia".^[15]^[16]

Notas

↑ Definicións no Dicionario da Real Academia Galega e no Portal das Palabras para franxa.
↑ "Israel-Palestinian conflict: Life in the Gaza Strip". BBC News. 20 de maio de 2021. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 27 de xuño de 2018. Consultado o 21 de xuño de 2018. an enclave bounded by the Mediterranean Sea, Israel and Egypt.
↑ "Gaza Strip". The World Factbook (en inglés). Central Intelligence Agency. 2022-11-09. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 12 de xaneiro de 2021. Consultado o 2022-11-14.
↑ Thomas E. Copeland, Drawing a Line in the Sea: The Gaza Flotilla Incident and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Arquivado 2 de novembro de 2022 en Wayback Machine. Lexington Books, 2011 p.25
↑ Doug Suisman, Steven Simon, Glenn Robinson, C. Ross Anthony, Michael Schoenbaum (eds.) The Arc: A Formal Structure for a Palestinian State, Arquivado 2 de novembro de 2022 en Wayback Machine. Rand Corporation, 2007 p.79
↑ "United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - occupied Palestinian territory | Home Page". United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - occupied Palestinian territory (en inglés). Arquivado dende o orixinal o 28 de febreiro de 2023. Consultado o 2022-11-14.
↑ James Kraska, 'Rule Selection in the Case of Israel's Blockade of Gaza:Law of Naval Warfare or Law of Sea?,' in M.N. Schmitt, Louise Arimatsu, Tim McCormack (eds.,) Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law, Arquivado 2 de novembro de 2022 en Wayback Machine. Springer Science & Business Media, 2011 pp.367–395, p.387:'There are no Israeli troops in Gaza, which everybody regards as a self-governing enclave cut from the Middle East.'
↑ ^8,0 ^8,1 "Gaza Strip: Freedom in the World 2020 Country Report". Freedom House (en inglés). Consultado o 2023-10-17. Since 2007, Gaza has functioned as a de facto one-party state under Hamas rule
↑ ^9,0 ^9,1 ^9,2 "How powerful is Hamas?". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Consultado o 2023-10-17. In 2006, a year after Israel withdrew from Gaza, Hamas won a majority of seats in a Palestinian election and later formed a new unity government with Fatah, its nationalist rival. In June 2007, after a brief civil war, it assumed sole control of Gaza, leaving Fatah to run the Palestinian Authority (pa) in the West Bank. In response Israel and Egypt imposed a suffocating blockade on the coastal strip in 2007, strangling its economy and in effect confining its people in an open-air prison. There have been no elections since. Hamas has run Gaza as an oppressive one-party state, leaving some Palestinians there disenchanted with its leadership. Nevertheless, Palestinians widely consider it more competent than the ailing, corrupt pa.
↑ ^10,0 ^10,1 Tristan Dunning, Hamas, Jihad and Popular Legitimacy: Reinterpreting Resistance in Palestine, Arquivado 2 November 2022 en Wayback Machine. Routledge, 2016 p.212:'Since taking sole control of Gaza in June 2007, Hamas has proven itself to be a remarkably resilient and resourceful government entity. The movement has clearly entrenched itself as the hegemonic power in the coastal enclave to such an extent that the International Crisis Group contends that the power struggle in Gaza is no longer between Hamas and Fatah. Rather the main source of confrontation is between Hamas and other more hardline Islamists and salafists. . . Hamas has been far more successful in an administrative sense than the Palestinian Authority in the West Bank, despite having access to only a fraction of the resources.'
↑ ^11,0 ^11,1 Burton, Guy (2012). "Hamas and its Vision of Development". Third World Quarterly 33 (3): 525–540. ISSN 0143-6597. The joint Hamas-Fatah government did not last long. Within months the two sides were fighting again, eventually leading to a political split of the occupied territory, with Fatah controlling the West Bank and Hamas establishing a virtual one-party state in Gaza
↑ Beaumont, Peter (2015-05-27). "Hamas executed 23 Palestinians under cover of Gaza conflict, says Amnesty". The Guardian (en inglés). ISSN 0261-3077. Consultado o 2023-10-19.
↑ "Israel attack: PM says Israel at war after 70 killed in attack from Gaza". BBC News. 7 de outubro de 2023. Consultado o 7 de outubro de 2023.
↑ "Israel announces 'total' blockade on Gaza". www.aljazeera.com (en inglés). 2023-10-09.
↑ "Israel announces 'complete siege' of Gaza, cutting its electricity, food, water, and fuel". Business Insider. 9 de outubro de 2023.
↑ Emanuel Fabian and Jacob Magid (16 de outubro de 2023). "IDF notifies relatives of 199 people that their loved ones are Gaza hostages". The Times of Israel.

Véxase tamén

Bibliografía

Bregman, Ahron (2002). Israel's Wars: A History Since 1947 Arquivado 2 de novembro de 2022 en Wayback Machine.. Londres: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-28716-6.
Cobham, David P.; Kanafani, Noman (2004). The economics of Palestine: economic policy and institutional reform for a viable Palestinian state (Illustrated ed.). Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-32761-9.
Filiu, Jean-Pierre (2014). Gaza: A History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-190-20191-3. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 28 de febreiro de 2023. Consultado o 2 de novembro de 2020.
Seib, Philip (2012). Al Jazeera English: Global News in a Changing World. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1137015747.

Ligazóns externas

Atlas estatístico de Palestine da Oficina Central de Estatísticas de Palestina (arquivado o 24 de abril de 2016) (en inglés)

Conflito árabe-israelí

[1] Definicións no Dicionario da Real Academia Galega e no Portal das Palabras para franxa.

[2] "Israel-Palestinian conflict: Life in the Gaza Strip". BBC News. 20 de maio de 2021. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 27 de xuño de 2018. Consultado o 21 de xuño de 2018. an enclave bounded by the Mediterranean Sea, Israel and Egypt.

[3] "Gaza Strip". The World Factbook (en inglés). Central Intelligence Agency. 2022-11-09. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 12 de xaneiro de 2021. Consultado o 2022-11-14.

[4] Thomas E. Copeland, Drawing a Line in the Sea: The Gaza Flotilla Incident and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Arquivado 2 de novembro de 2022 en Wayback Machine. Lexington Books, 2011 p.25

[arc-5] Doug Suisman, Steven Simon, Glenn Robinson, C. Ross Anthony, Michael Schoenbaum (eds.) The Arc: A Formal Structure for a Palestinian State, Arquivado 2 de novembro de 2022 en Wayback Machine. Rand Corporation, 2007 p.79

[6] "United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - occupied Palestinian territory | Home Page". United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - occupied Palestinian territory (en inglés). Arquivado dende o orixinal o 28 de febreiro de 2023. Consultado o 2022-11-14.

[7] James Kraska, 'Rule Selection in the Case of Israel's Blockade of Gaza:Law of Naval Warfare or Law of Sea?,' in M.N. Schmitt, Louise Arimatsu, Tim McCormack (eds.,) Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law, Arquivado 2 de novembro de 2022 en Wayback Machine. Springer Science & Business Media, 2011 pp.367–395, p.387:'There are no Israeli troops in Gaza, which everybody regards as a self-governing enclave cut from the Middle East.'

[ham1-8] 8,0 ^8,1 "Gaza Strip: Freedom in the World 2020 Country Report". Freedom House (en inglés). Consultado o 2023-10-17. Since 2007, Gaza has functioned as a de facto one-party state under Hamas rule

[:3-9] 9,0 ^9,1 ^9,2 "How powerful is Hamas?". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Consultado o 2023-10-17. In 2006, a year after Israel withdrew from Gaza, Hamas won a majority of seats in a Palestinian election and later formed a new unity government with Fatah, its nationalist rival. In June 2007, after a brief civil war, it assumed sole control of Gaza, leaving Fatah to run the Palestinian Authority (pa) in the West Bank. In response Israel and Egypt imposed a suffocating blockade on the coastal strip in 2007, strangling its economy and in effect confining its people in an open-air prison. There have been no elections since. Hamas has run Gaza as an oppressive one-party state, leaving some Palestinians there disenchanted with its leadership. Nevertheless, Palestinians widely consider it more competent than the ailing, corrupt pa.

[ham2-10] 10,0 ^10,1 Tristan Dunning, Hamas, Jihad and Popular Legitimacy: Reinterpreting Resistance in Palestine, Arquivado 2 November 2022 en Wayback Machine. Routledge, 2016 p.212:'Since taking sole control of Gaza in June 2007, Hamas has proven itself to be a remarkably resilient and resourceful government entity. The movement has clearly entrenched itself as the hegemonic power in the coastal enclave to such an extent that the International Crisis Group contends that the power struggle in Gaza is no longer between Hamas and Fatah. Rather the main source of confrontation is between Hamas and other more hardline Islamists and salafists. . . Hamas has been far more successful in an administrative sense than the Palestinian Authority in the West Bank, despite having access to only a fraction of the resources.'

[ham3-11] 11,0 ^11,1 Burton, Guy (2012). "Hamas and its Vision of Development". Third World Quarterly 33 (3): 525–540. ISSN 0143-6597. The joint Hamas-Fatah government did not last long. Within months the two sides were fighting again, eventually leading to a political split of the occupied territory, with Fatah controlling the West Bank and Hamas establishing a virtual one-party state in Gaza

[12] Beaumont, Peter (2015-05-27). "Hamas executed 23 Palestinians under cover of Gaza conflict, says Amnesty". The Guardian (en inglés). ISSN 0261-3077. Consultado o 2023-10-19.

[13] "Israel attack: PM says Israel at war after 70 killed in attack from Gaza". BBC News. 7 de outubro de 2023. Consultado o 7 de outubro de 2023.

[14] "Israel announces 'total' blockade on Gaza". www.aljazeera.com (en inglés). 2023-10-09.

[15] "Israel announces 'complete siege' of Gaza, cutting its electricity, food, water, and fuel". Business Insider. 9 de outubro de 2023.

[TimesOfIsrael_GazaHostages-16] Emanuel Fabian and Jacob Magid (16 de outubro de 2023). "IDF notifies relatives of 199 people that their loved ones are Gaza hostages". The Times of Israel.

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