Mutanen Punjabi
Mutanen Punjabi da turanci The Punjabi (Punjabi: harshen|pnb|Nastaliq|پنجابی, ਪੰਜਾਬੀ) ko da kuma turanci za'a iya cewa Punjabi people, wasu mutane ne dake zaune a yankin da ake kirada yankin Punjab a kudancin Asiya musamman yankin dake kewaye da Kasar Indiya, Wanda yanzu aka raba tsakanin Punjab (Indiya) da kuma Punjab (Pakistan). Suna yaren harshen Punjab wanda yake daga cikin harsunan Indo-Aryan.[1] Kalmar Punjab a ilimance tana nufin kasar ruwaye biyar a harshen Persiya: panj ("biyar") āb ("ruwaye").[2] sunan yankin ansamo sane daga Turko-Persian conquerors[3] dake kananan Kasashen Indiya.[4][5]
| Jimlar yawan jama'a | |
|---|---|
| unknown value da 146,107,170 | |
| Harsuna | |
| Harshen Punjab | |
| Kabilu masu alaƙa | |
South Asians (en)  |
Gamayyar kabilu da manyan masu fada'aji na al'ummah da sauran mutanen dake yankin ne suka hadu suka bada mutanen da akekira ayau mutanen Punjabi, kuma sunfara haduwa ne tun a karni na goma sha takwas (18th), Kafin wannan lokacin babu wani abu da zaisa ace wa wani Punjabi ko jin cewa ni Punjabi ne, ba wanda kejin haka, dukda cewar mutanen waccan lokaci sunada kamanni daya da kuma amfani da harshe da al'adu duk iri daya.[6][7][8]
A al'adance abinda zaisa ace ma wani Punjabi yata'allakane akan harshensa, ko yankin daya fito ko kuma al'adarsa. Zaman mutum Punjabi yafi nasaba da asalin Tarihinsa ko addinin sa, kuma kawai wadanda ke daga yankin Punjabi, ko suke da alaka da mutanen ko kuma suka dauki harshen Punjab [9]cudanyar mutanen da shigewar al'adunsu acikin juna shine yanada al'adun Punjab a yanzu, bawai dan kabilarsu daya bane, dama dai duk mutanen Punjabi suna da al'adu iri daya ne.[10][11]
A tarihince mutanen Punjabi mutane ne daban daban amma sun kasu zuwa tsatso daban daban wadanda ake kirada Baradari ko biradari (Wanda ke nufin "yan'uwan") or Kabilar Punjabi, da kowane mutum yana daga cikin wani tsatso. A yanzu zama dan'Punjabi bai ta'allaka ga kawai wadanda ke cikin kabilar ba, saboda zamani tsarin kabilanci nadishewa kuma dangantaka yafara zama alaka ne nakusa sosai ke hadashi.[12] and holistic society, as community building and group cohesiveness[13][14] form the new pillars of Punjabi society.[15] A dangantaka na alakar zamani, za'a iya cewa mutanen Punjabi sune wadanda suka fito daga daya cikin ukun nan; Punjabi Muslimai, da Punjabi yan'Sikhs da kuma Punjabi yan'Hindu.[16]
Anazarci
gyara sashe- ↑ cite book|title=Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2SRqDzB50wC&pg=PA 522|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-087775-4|pages=522–523
- ↑ cite book|last=Gandhi|first=Rajmohan|title=Punjab: A History from Aurangzeb to Mountbatten|year=2013|publisher=Aleph Book Company|location=New Delhi, India, Urbana, Illinois|isbn=978-93-83064-41-0
- ↑ cite book|last=Canfield|first=Robert L.|title=Persia in Historical Perspective|year=1991|page=1 ("Origins")|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, United Kingdom|isbn=0-521-52291-9
- ↑ cite news| url=http://in.reuters.com/article/2012/01/30/india-election-punjab-idINDEE80S02520120130 Archived 2015-06-26 at the Wayback Machine | work=Reuters | title=Punjab, bread basket of India, hungers for change | date=30 January 2012
- ↑ cite web|url=http://water.columbia.edu/2012/03/07/columbia-water-center-released-new-whitepaper-restoring-groundwater-in-punjab-indias-breadbasket/ Archived 2019-12-22 at the Wayback Machine |title=Columbia Water Center Released New Whitepaper: "Restoring Groundwater in Punjab, India's Breadbasket" – Columbia Water Center|publisher=Water.columbia.edu |date=7 March 2012 |accessdate=12 July 2013}}
- ↑ cite book|last=Malhotra|first=edited by Anshu|title=Punjab reconsidered : history, culture, and practice|year=2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New Delhi|isbn=9780198078012|url=http://global.oup.com/academic/product/punjab-reconsidered-history-culture-and-practice-9780198078012;jsessionid=67C0F3362215BC7FE368DF643C70CA16?cc=de&lang=en&%7Cauthor2=Mir[permanent dead link], Farina
- ↑ cite journal|last=Ayers|first=Alyssa|title=Language, the Nation, and Symbolic Capital: The Case of Punjab|journal=Journal of Asian Studies|year=2008|volume=67|issue=3|pages=917–46|url=http://alyssaayres.com/pdf/Ayres-JAS-Language-Nation.pdf%7Cdoi=10.1017/s0021911808001204[permanent dead link]
- ↑ cite book|last=Thandi|first=edited and introduced by Pritam Singh and Shinder S.|title=Globalisation and the region : explorations in Punjabi identity|year=1996|publisher=Association for Punjab Studies (UK)|location=Coventry, United Kingdom|isbn=1874699054
- ↑ cite book|last=Thandi|first=edited by Pritam Singh, Shinder Singh|title=Punjabi identity in a global context|year=1999|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New Delhi|isbn=019-564-8641
- ↑ cite journal|last=Singh|first=Prtiam|title='Globalisation and Punjabi Identity: Resistance, Relocation and Reinvention (Yet Again!)'|journal=Journal of Punjab Studies|year=2012|volume= 19|issue= 2|pages=153–72|url=http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/journal/v19_2/Singh.pdf Archived 2016-01-24 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ cite web|url=http://www.krysstal.com/langfams_indoeuro.html |title=Languages : Indo-European Family |publisher=Krysstal.com |accessdate=12 July 2013
- ↑ cite journal|last=Albert V.|first=Carron|author2=Lawrence R. Brawley |title=Cohesion: Conceptual and Measurement Issues|journal=http://sgr.sagepub.com/ Archived 2016-11-28 at the Wayback Machine : Small Group Research|date=December 2012|volume=43|issue= 6|url=http://sgr.sagepub.com/content/43/6/726.full.pdf+html Archived 2020-05-03 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ http://www.oecd.org/dev/pgd/internationalconferenceonsocialcohesionanddevelopment.htm : The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Webpage for Group Cohesiveness
- ↑ cite journal|last=Mukherjee|first=Protap|author2=Lopamudra Ray Saraswati |title=Levels and Patterns of Social Cohesion and Its Relationship with Development in India: A Woman’s Perspective Approach|journal=Ph.D. Scholars, Centre for the Study of Regional Development School of Social Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi – 110 067, India|date=20 January 2011|url=http://www.oecd.org/dev/pgd/46839502.pdf
- ↑ cite book|last=Thandi|first=edited and introduced by Pritam Singh and Shinder S.|title=Globalisation and the region : explorations in Punjabi identity|year=1996|publisher=Association for Punjab Studies (UK)|location=Coventry, United Kingdom|isbn=1-874699-054
- ↑ cite book|last=Gupta|first=S.K.|title=The Scheduled Castes in Modern Indian Politics: Their Emergence as a Political Context|pages=121–122|year=1985|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd|location=New Delhi, India