Hérault

Hérault
	;
Suna saboda	Hérault (en)
Wuri
	43°36′39″N 3°52′38″E / 43.610919°N 3.877231°E
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Faransa
Administrative territorial entity of France (en)	Metropolitan France (en)
Region of France (en)	Occitanie
Babban birni	Montpellier
Yawan mutane
Faɗi	1,201,883 (2021)
• Yawan mutane	193.1 mazaunan/km²
Labarin ƙasa
Yawan fili	6,224 km²
Wuri a ina ko kusa da wace teku	Gulf of Lion (en)
Wuri mafi tsayi	Q26896696 (1,152 m)
Sun raba iyaka da	Aude (en) ; Aveyron (en) ; Gard ; Tarn (en)
Bayanan tarihi
Ƙirƙira	4 ga Maris, 1790
Tsarin Siyasa
• President of departmental council (en)	Kléber Mesquida (mul)
Bayanan Tuntuɓa
Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci	UTC+01:00 ; UTC+02:00 (en)
Lamba ta ISO 3166-2	FR-34
NUTS code	FR813
INSEE department code (en)	34
Wasu abun
Yanar gizo	herault.fr

Hérault (frfrFaransanci: [eʁo]; ^[1] Occitan: , [eˈɾaw]) sashen yankin Occitania ne, Kudancin Faransa . frAn sanya masa suna ne bayan Kogin Hérault, yankin ta ita ce Montpellier . Tana da yawan mutane 1,175,623 a shekarar 2019. ^[2]

Tarihi

Oppidum na Enserune

Hérault na ɗaya daga cikin sassan 83 na asali da aka kirkira a lokacin Juyin Juya Halin Faransa a ranar 4 ga Maris 1790. An kirkireshi ne daga wani ɓangare na tsohuwar lardin Languedoc .

A farkon karni na 20, noman inabi a Yankin shuka ruwan inabi ya lalace ta hanyar raguwar tallace-tallace tare da cututtukan da ke shafar inabi. Dubban ƙananan masu samarwa sun tayar da kayar baya. Gwamnatin Georges Clemenceau ta murkushe wannan tawaye sosai.

Hadarin sanyi na hunturu na 1956 ya lalata itatuwan zaitun, kuma yankunan da ke shuka zaitun ba su farfado ba har zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1980. Yawancin hadin gwiwar masana'antar zaitun sun rufe.

A lokacin rabi na biyu na karni na ashirin kwandon Montpellier ya ga wasu daga cikin saurin karuwar yawan jama'a a Faransa.

Yanayin ƙasa

Hérault wani bangare ne na <i id="mwOA">yankin</i> Occitanie kuma sassan Aude, Tarn, Aveyron, Gard, da Bahar Rum (Gulf of Lion) ne ke kewaye da shi a kudu. Sashen ya bambanta sosai, tare da rairayin bakin teku a kudu, tsaunukan Cevennes a arewa, da ƙasar noma a tsakanin. Yankin Hérault sau da yawa ana bayyana shi a matsayin filin wasa mai budewa da ke fuskantar teku. Yanayin Hérault yana da alamar bambancin yanayin ƙasa da shimfidar wurare. Wadannan sun fito ne daga kudancin tuddai na Massif Central, zuwa Bahar Rum, ta hanyar yankunan garrigue da ƙananan filayen ruwan inabi na Languedoc. Hérault yana da Yanayin Bahar Rum.

Mafi ƙarancin tsawo yana a matakin teku kuma mafi girman matsayi na sashen yana a tsawo na 1181m a ɗaya daga cikin tsaunuka na Espinouse. Matsakaicin tsawo yana da kimanin 227m.

Ra'ayi na Kogin Orb a Roquebrun

Sashen Hérault yana haye da koguna da yawa waɗanda suka samo asali a kudancin tuddai na Massif Central kuma babu komai a cikin Bahar Rum, suna gudana daga arewa zuwa kudu a kan ɗan gajeren nesa daga tsawo. Babban koguna da ke gudana daga gabas zuwa yamma sune Vidourle, wanda ke nuna iyaka tare da sashen Gard; Lesz, wanda ke gudana ta hanyar Montpellier; Hérault, wanda ya ba da sunansa ga sashen, da Orb, wanda ke kwarara ta hanyar Besiers. A yamma, Aude, kogi mai tsawon kilomita 224 wanda ke gudana daga Pyrenees, yana da hanyar da ke yamma zuwa gabas kuma yana nuna iyaka tsakanin Hérault da sashen makwabta na Aude. Wadannan koguna da kuma wadanda ke goyon bayansu suna da halayensu daga yanayin 'cévénol' na yankin, tare da bambancin kwatsam wanda ke haifar da ambaliyar kwatsam. Ana samun lagoons a bakin tekun Herault, mafi girma daga cikinsu shine Étang de Thau, tare da yanki na kimanin hekta 7,500.

Yankin da ke cikin ƙasashen Bas-Languedoc a hankali yana da tuddai. Yankin gonar inabi ne, gonakin zaitun, gonakin 'ya'yan itace da kuma tsaunuka. Girman zaitun da noman inabi alama ce ta muhimmiyar bangare na al'adun Bahar Rum da salon rayuwa.

Yankin Hérault kusa da garin Lodève shine yankin Tsibirin Chatham a gabashin gabar New Zealand.

Manyan garuruwa

Garin da ya fi yawan jama'a shine Montpellier, gundumar. Garin da ba shi da yawan jama'a shine Romiguières tare da mazauna 21 a cikin 2019. Ya zuwa 2019, akwai yankuna 7 tare da mazauna sama da 20,000: ^[2]

Al'umma	Yawan jama'a (2019)
Montpellier	295,542
Besiers	78,308
Sète	43,858
Shekaru	29,600
Ranar rana	26,385
Yankin	23,028
Castelnau-le-Lez	22,534

Yanayi

Yawancin sashen za a iya nuna su a matsayin Yanayin Bahar Rum. Koyaya, yankunan tsaunuka na arewa maso yamma suna da Tasirin teku. Wasu sassan arewacin Herault suna da tasirin nahiyar.

Matsakaicin zafin jiki na watanni na rani yana kusa da matsakaicin matsakaicin Faransanci. Duk da haka, teku tana kare yankunan bakin teku daga matsanancin raƙuman zafi a lokacin rani, amma kuma sanyi a cikin hunturu. Sun kasance daga kimanin digiri 27 na Celsius a bakin teku zuwa digiri 32 na Celsius a cikin ƙasa. Matsakaicin yanayin zafi ya bambanta, daga kimanin digiri 19 na Celsius a bakin tekun zuwa digiri 15 na Celsius a ciki.

Yawan jama'a

Ana kiran mazaunan sashen Héraultais . Ci gaban yawan jama'a tun 1791:

Historical population
Year	Pop.	±%
1791	290,126	—
1801	275,449	−5.1%
1806	299,882	+8.9%
1821	324,126	+8.1%
1831	346,207	+6.8%
1841	367,343	+6.1%
1851	389,286	+6.0%
1861	409,391	+5.2%
1872	429,878	+5.0%
1881	441,527	+2.7%
1891	461,012	+4.4%
1901	489,421	+6.2%
1911	480,484	−1.8%
1921	488,215	+1.6%
1931	514,819	+5.4%
1936	502,043	−2.5%
1946	461,100	−8.2%
1954	471,429	+2.2%
1962	516,658	+9.6%
1968	591,397	+14.5%
1975	648,202	+9.6%
1982	706,499	+9.0%
1990	794,603	+12.5%
1999	896,441	+12.8%
2006	1,001,041	+11.7%
2011	1,062,036	+6.1%
2016	1,132,481	+6.6%

Al'adu

Harshe

Harshen tarihi shine Occitan .

Dabbobi da bukukuwan yankin

Ɗan mara kyau na Pezenas

FISE na Montpellier a cikin 2013

Dabbobi masu kama da Herault suna da kyau. A lokacin al'adun al'adu ko bukukuwan murya na gida, garuruwa da yawa ko ƙauyuka suna nuna dabba mai wakiltar karamar hukumarsu ta tituna, sau da yawa tare da sautin kayan kida na gargajiya, kamar Languedoc oboe ko fife. Mafi sanannun shine "Foal of Pezenas", wanda UNESCO ta ayyana a matsayin wani ɓangare na al'adun al'adu marasa ganuwa, kasancewa misali na manyan mutane da dodanni a Belgium da Faransa.
Bikin Besiers: Festa d'Oc, Feria na Béziers
Bikin Montpellier: Ina son Techno Turai, Bikin Fim na Bahar Rum, Comédie du Livre, Bikin Dance na Montpellien, Bikin Wasanni na Kasa da Kasa (FISE)
Bikin Cazouls-lès-Béziers: Bikin Piano Prestige, darektan fasaha Jean-Bernard Pommier
Bikin Pezenas: Printival Boby Lapointe, Mirondela dels Arts
Bikin Sète: Bikin Jazz na Sète, Bikin Hotuna na Bayani "ImageSingulieres", Bikin Waƙoƙi "Muryar Rayuwa ta Bahar Rum a cikin Bahar Rum"

Tarihi

An sanya Canal du Midi a matsayin Gidan Tarihin Duniya ta UNESCO.

Tattalin Arziki

Aikin noma

An yi amfani da hekta 185,048 (kusan 30%) na ƙasa a Hérault don noma. Ruwan inabi shine mafi mahimmanci, tare da hekta 85,525. Aikin noma hatsi yana amfani da kadada 20,095, kiwo 7,090 hectare, 4,991 hectare sun bar ba tare da aiki ba, 3,788 hectare an sadaukar da su ga noma kayan lambu, da kuma 3,400 hectare don gonakin 'ya'yan itace (olive, chestnuts, walnuts, plums, apples).

Shuka ruwan inabi

Gidan inabi a Adissan

Gidajen inabi na Hérault sun tsufa sosai, tun kafin a kafa Gallia Narbonensis. Hérault a yau shine sashen ruwan inabi na biyu na Faransa, bayan Gironde, wanda ke wakiltar kashi 14% na jimlar yankin sashen. Sashen yana da yanayi mai kyau, kyakkyawan bayyanar, ƙasa iri-iri da nau'ikan inabi da yawa: duk waɗannan kadarorin suna haifar da karimci, wani lokacin mai ƙarfi, ruwan inabi tare da nau'in ƙanshi mai ƙanshi

AOC: Saint-Chinian, Faugères, Minervois, Coteaux-du-languedoc, Clairette na Languedoc, Muscat na Frontignan, Muscat na Lunel, Muscat na Mireval, Muscat daga Saint-Jean-de-Minervois da Picpoul na Pinet

Kiwon Ruwa

A Hérault, noman kifi yana samar da tan 8,300 na oysters (10% na samar da ƙasa) da tan 5,900 na mussels a shekara. Étang de Thau cibiyar ce don girma mussels da oysters a cikin Bahar Rum. A Bouzigues, ana noma oysters a kan dindindin-immered, kiwo kiwo.

Siyasa

Rukunin majalisar sashen

Shugaban Majalisar Ma'aikatar shine Kléber Mesquida na Jam'iyyar Socialist .

Jam'iyyar	Wakilin
Mafi rinjaye (wakilan 36)
FG	2
PS	16
DVG	15
Hamayya (masu wakilci 14)
DVD	2
LR	4
UDI	2
FN	6
Shugaban Majalisar Dattijai
Kléber Mesquida (PS)

Wakilan Majalisar Dokoki na yanzu

	memba ^[3]	Jam'iyyar
Gundumar Hérault ta farko	Patricia Mirallès	Jamhuriyar da ke tafiya!
Gundumar Hérault ta biyu	Muriel Ressiguier	Faransa da ba ta biyayya
Mazabar Hérault ta 3	Coralie Dubost	Jamhuriyar da ke tafiya!
Gundumar Hérault ta 4	Jean-François Eliaou	Jamhuriyar da ke tafiya!
Mazabar Hérault ta 5	Philippe Huppé	Jamhuriyar da ke tafiya!
Mazabar Hérault ta 6		Taron Kasa
Mazabar Hérault ta 7	Christophe Euzet	Jamhuriyar da ke tafiya!
Gundumar Hérault ta 8	Nicolas Destruction	Jamhuriyar da ke tafiya!
Gundumar Hérault ta 9	Patrick Vignal	Jamhuriyar da ke tafiya!

Jerin shugabanni masu zuwa

Ginin majalisa na sashen Hérault

	memba	Jam'iyyar
1961	Jean Bène	SFIO
1964
1967
1970
1973		PS
1976		PS
1979	Gérard Saumade	PS
1982
1985
1988
1992
1994
1998	André Vézinhet	PS
2001
2004
2008
2011
2015	Kléber Mesquida	PS

Wasanni

Kungiyar BLMA a cikin 2015

Kungiyar Kwallon hannu na Montpellier a shekarar 2016

Filin wasa na Altrad, filin wasa na gida na Montpellier Hérault Rugby

Wasan tsakanin Montpellier Water-Polo da VK Jug a cikin 2012

Wasan Tamburello a Notre-Dame-de-LondresNotre-Dame-de-London

Kwallon Baseball

Kungiyar	Ƙungiyar
Barracudas na Montpellier	D1

Kwallon kwando

Kungiyar	Ƙungiyar
BLMA	LFB Mata na gasar cin kofin Turai Mata na EuroLeague

Kwallon ƙafa na bakin teku

Kungiyar	Ƙungiyar
Babban Motte Pyramide Beach Kwallon Kafa	Gasar Kwallon Kafa ta Faransanci
Montpellier Hérault Kwallon Kafa na Beach	Gasar Kwallon Kafa ta Faransanci

Kwallon ƙafa

Kungiyar	Ƙungiyar
AS Béziers	Ligue 2
Montpellier HSC	Lig 1
Montpellier HSC (Mata)	Sashe na 1 Mata
FC Sète 34	N2

Kwallon hannu

Kungiyar	Ƙungiyar
Kwallon hannu na Montpellier	Sashe na 1 Gasar Zakarun Turai ta EHF

Kwallon Volley

Kungiyar	Ƙungiyar
Beziers Volley (Mata)	Ƙungiyar AF
Arago na Sète	Ligue AM
Kungiyar Jami'ar Montpellier Volley	Ligue AM

Rugby

Kungiyar	Ƙungiyar
Rugby Olympic agathois	Tarayyar Tarayya 1
AS Béziers Hérault	Pro D2
Montpellier Hérault Rugby	Top 14 Kofin Zakarun Turai na Rugby
Montpellier Hérault Rugby (Mata)	Top 8

Ruwa na ruwa

Kungiyar	Ƙungiyar
Gidan ruwa na Montpellier	Pro A

Wasanni na musamman

Akwai wasanni da yawa na musamman ga Hérault: Tamburello (85% na 'yan wasan Faransanci ne) da kuma tseren ruwa.

Yawon shakatawa

Abubuwan jan hankali na yawon bude ido

Km 87 na rairayin bakin teku
3 Wuraren Tarihin Duniya: Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert Abbey, Canal du Midi da Causses da Cévennes Dalilai da Cévennes
2 Manyan shafuka a Faransa: Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert da Gorges de l'Hérault da Cirque de Navacelles
1 Gidan shakatawa na yanki: Gidan shakata na Yanki na Haut-Languedoc Gidan shakatawa na yankin Haut-Languedoc
2 Garuruwa da Kasashen Fasaha da Tarihi: Pezenas da Lodève
3 ƙauyuka da aka jera a cikin Mafi Kyawun ƙauyuka na Faransa: Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert, Olargues da Minerva
2 wuraren shakatawa na bakin teku da aka rarraba Tarihin karni na ashirin: La Grande-Motte da Cap d'Agde Cape Agde
3 Garin Spa: Balaruc-les-Bains, Avène da Lamalou-les- Bains Lamalou-les-Bains
19 tashar jiragen ruwa
Shafukan 541 da aka rarraba ko aka jera a matsayin abubuwan tarihiabubuwan tunawa na tarihi
Wani ɓangare na Cap d'Agde babban wurin shakatawa ne.^[4]
Gudun tafiya tare da Canal du Midi da tafiya ko keken keke tare da hanyoyin jawowa aiki ne na hutu na yau da kullun.^[5]