Harshen Dciriku

Harshen Dciriku
Dangin harshen	Harsunan Nijar-Congo; Harsunan Atlantic-Congo; Harsunan Volta-Congo; Harsunan Benue-Congo; Harsunan Bantoid; Southern Bantoid (en) ; Bantu (en) ; Central-Western Bantu (en) ; Njila (en) ; Kavango – Southwest Bantu (en) ; Kavango (en) ; Harshen Dciriku; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Baƙaƙen rubutu	Baƙaƙen boko
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	diu
Glottolog	diri1252

Gciriku, ko Dciriku (Haka kuma Diriku, Dirico, Manyo ko Rumanyo), yaren Bantu ne da mutane 305,000 ke magana a bakin kogin Kavango a Namibiya, Botswana da Angola . Mutane kimanin 24,000 suna jin Gciriku a Angola, in ji Ethnologue . An Kuma fara saninsa a yamma ta hanyar Vagciriku, wanda ya yi ƙaura daga babban yankin Vamanyo kuma ya yi magana da Rugciriku, yare na Rumanyo. Sunan Gciriku (Dciriku, Diriku) ya kasance na kowa a cikin adabi, to amma a Namibiya an sake farfado da sunan Rumanyo . ^[2] Yaren Mbogedu ya bace; Maho a shekarar (2009) ya lissafta shi a matsayin yare daban, sannan kuma ya lura cewa sunayen 'Manyo' da Kuma 'Rumanyo' basu dace da shi ba.

Yana ɗaya daga cikin harsunan Bantu da yawa na Okavango waɗanda ke da latsa baƙaƙe, kamar yadda yake cikin [ ǀɛ́ǀˀà ]</link> ('gado'), </link> ('flower'), kuma </link> ('kunkuru'). Waɗannan dannawa, waɗanda kuma akwai rabin dozin (c, gc, ch, da prenasalized nc da nch), gabaɗaya duk da Kuma ana furta su tare da maganganun hakori, to amma akwai babban bambanci tsakanin masu magana. Sunaye na musamman da kuma kalmomin da aka saba amfani da su a cikin yanayin wuri ko kuma inda suk da zama, sannan kuma suna nuna tushen su a Khwe da kuma Ju, harsuna biyu da ake kira Khoisan . Yawancin kalmomin tare da kuma dannawa a cikin Gciriku, gami da waɗanda ke cikin ƙamus na Bantu na asali, ana musayar su tare da Kwangali, Mbukushu, da Fwe . ^[3]

Fassarar sauti

Wasula

	Gaba	Tsakiya	Baya
Kusa	i		u
Tsakar	ɛ		ɔ
Bude		ɑ

Consonants

		Bilabial	Labio-<br id="mwWQ"><br><br><br></br> hakori	Dental	Alveolar	Postalveolar / </br> Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Danna	<small id="mwaw">mara murya</small>			ᵏǀ
	murya			ᶢǀ
	prenasal vl.			ᵑǀᵏ
	prenasal vd.			ᵑǀᶢ
	prenasal asp.			ᵑǀʰ
Nasal		m			n	ɲ	ŋ
Tsaya / </br> Haɗin kai	<small id="mwvA">mara murya</small>	p		t̪	t	t͡ʃ	k
	murya	b			d	d͡ʒ	g
	prenasal vl.	ᵐpʰ		ⁿt̪	ⁿtʰ	ᶮt͡ʃ	ᵑkʰ
	prenasal vd.	ᵐb			ⁿd	ᶮd͡ʒ	ᵑɡ
Ƙarfafawa	mara murya		f		s	ʃ		h
	<small id="mwAQ0">murya</small>	β	v		z		ɣ
	prenasal vl.		ᶬf
	prenasal vd.		ᶬv
Trill					r
Kusanci					l	j	w

- Sautunan danna galibi hakori ne [ǀ], amma kuma suna iya samun maki iri-iri [ǁ], [ǃ].
- Yawancin sautunan baƙar fata kuma an lalatar da su [ʲ] ko labialized [ʷ], lokacin da kafin glide sauti /j, w/.
- Za a iya jin /ɡ/ azaman mai juzu'i [χ] a cikin kalmomin lamunin Afirka
.

Manazarta

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Dciriku". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
↑ Nordic journal of African studies, Volume 12, 2003
↑ Empty citation (help)

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Dciriku". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[2] Nordic journal of African studies, Volume 12, 2003

[3] Empty citation (help)

[2]

[1]

[3]

Harshen Dciriku
Dangin harshen	Harsunan Nijar-Congo Harsunan Atlantic-Congo Harsunan Volta-Congo Harsunan Benue-Congo Harsunan Bantoid Southern Bantoid ^(en) Bantu ^(en) Central-Western Bantu ^(en) Njila ^(en) Kavango – Southwest Bantu ^(en) Kavango ^(en) Harshen Dciriku
Baƙaƙen rubutu	Baƙaƙen boko
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	`diu`
Glottolog	`diri1252`^[1]