Motsawa wani yanayi ne na ciki wanda ke motsa mutane su shiga cikin halayyar manufa. Sau da yawa ana fahimtarsa a matsayin karfi wanda ke bayyana dalilin da ya sa mutane ko dabbobi ke farawa, ci gaba, ko kawo karshen wani hali a wani lokaci. Wani abu ne mai rikitarwa kuma ana jayayya da ainihin ma'anarsa. Ya bambanta da amotivation, wanda shine yanayin rashin kulawa ko rashin kulawa. Ana nazarin motsawa a fannoni kamar ilimin halayyar dan adam, kimiyyar kwakwalwa, kimiyya ta motsawa, da falsafar.

motivation
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na Emotion da sanadi
Bangare na psychology terminology (en) Fassara
Has cause (en) Fassara need (en) Fassara, instinct (en) Fassara da arousal (en) Fassara
Karatun ta sociolinguistics (en) Fassara
Hashtag (en) Fassara motivation
Has contributing factor (en) Fassara instinct (en) Fassara da reason (en) Fassara


Ana tattauna nau'ikan motsawa da yawa a cikin wallafe-wallafen ilimi. Motsi na ciki ya fito ne daga abubuwan ciki kamar jin daɗi da son sani. Ya bambanta da motsawa ta waje, wanda ke motsawa ta hanyar abubuwan waje kamar samun lada da guje wa azabtarwa. Don motsawa mai hankali, mutum sani sane da dalilin da ke haifar da halayyar, wanda ba haka ba ne ga motsawa mara hankali. Sauran nau'ikan sun haɗa da motsawa mai ma'ana da mara ma'ana, motsawa ta halitta da fahimta, motsawa na ɗan gajeren lokaci da na dogon lokaci, da motsawa na son kai da rashin son kai.

Ka'idodin motsawa sune tsarin ra'ayi waɗanda ke neman bayyana abubuwan motsawa. Ka'idodin abun ciki suna da niyyar bayyana waɗanne abubuwan ciki ke motsa mutane da waɗanne manufofi suke bin su. Misalan sune matsayi na buƙatu, ka'idar abubuwa biyu, da ka'idar buƙatun da aka koya. Sun bambanta da ka'idojin tsari, waɗanda ke tattauna hanyoyin fahimta, motsin rai, da yanke shawara waɗanda ke haifar da motsawar ɗan adam, kamar Ka'idar tsammanin, ka'idar daidaito, ka'adar kafa burin, ka'idodin ƙaddamar da kai, da Ka'idar ƙarfafawa. Motsi yana da alaƙa da fannoni da yawa. Yana shafar nasarar ilimi, aikin aiki, nasarar wasanni, da halayyar tattalin arziki. Ya kara dacewa a fannonin ci gaban mutum, kiwon lafiya, da dokar aikata laifuka.

Ma'anar, ma'auni, da kuma filin ma'ana

gyara sashe

Sau da yawa ana fahimtar motsi a matsayin yanayin ciki ko karfi wanda ke motsa mutane su shiga da ci gaba da halayyar manufa. Jihohin motsawa sun bayyana dalilin da ya sa mutane ko dabbobi ke farawa, ci gaba, ko dakatar da wani hali a wani lokaci. Jihohin motsawa suna nuna burin da suke niyya, da kuma tsananin da tsawon lokacin kokarin da aka sadaukar da shi ga burin. Jihohin motsawa suna da matakai daban-daban na ƙarfi. Idan jihar tana da babban digiri to yana iya rinjayar halayyar fiye da idan tana da ƙananan digiri. Motsawa ya bambanta da sha'awa, wanda shine rashin sha'awa ga wani aiki ko juriya ga shi.[1] A cikin ma'ana daban-daban, kalmar "motivation" na iya nufin aikin motsa wani da kuma dalili ko burin yin wani abu. Ya fito ne daga kalmar Latin movere (don motsawa).

Hanyar gargajiya da ke nazarin motsawa shine ilimin halayyar dan adam. Yana bincika yadda motsawa ke tasowa, waɗanne dalilai ne ke tasiri, da kuma waɗanne tasirin yake da shi. Kimiyya mai motsawa wani yanki ne na bincike na baya-bayan nan wanda aka mayar da hankali kan hanyar haɗin kai wanda ke ƙoƙarin haɗa fahimta daga fannoni daban-daban.[2] Neurology yana da sha'awar hanyoyin jijiyoyin jiki, kamar yankunan kwakwalwa da ke ciki da Neurotransmitters. Falsafa tana da niyyar bayyana yanayin motsawa da fahimtar alaƙar ta da wasu ra'ayoyi.

Ba za'a iya lura da motsi kai tsaye ba amma dole ne a fahimta daga wasu halaye.[3] Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban don yin hakan da kuma auna shi. Hanyar da aka fi amfani da ita ita ce dogaro da rahotanni na kai da amfani da tambayoyin. Za su iya haɗawa da tambayoyi kai tsaye kamar "yadda ake motsa ku?" amma kuma suna iya yin tambaya game da ƙarin dalilai dangane da burin, ji, da ƙoƙarin da aka saka a cikin wani aiki. Wani tsari ya dogara ne akan lura da mutum na waje. Wannan na iya shafar nazarin canje-canjen halayyar amma kuma yana iya haɗawa da ƙarin hanyoyin kamar auna aikin kwakwalwa da halayyar fata.[4]

Ma'anar ilimi

gyara sashe

An gabatar da ma'anar ilimi da yawa game da motsawa amma akwai ƙarancin yarjejeniya game da ainihin halayensa. Wannan wani bangare ne saboda motsawa abu ne mai rikitarwa tare da fannoni da yawa da ma'anoni daban-daban galibi suna mai da hankali kan fannoni daban-ара. Wasu ma'anoni suna jaddada abubuwan ciki. Wannan na iya haɗawa da bangarorin tunani dangane da sha'awa da sha'awar ko bangarorin ilimin lissafi game da bukatun jiki. Misali, John Dewey da Ibrahim Maslow suna amfani da hangen nesa na tunanin mutum don fahimtar motsawa a matsayin nau'in sha'awa yayin da Jackson Beatty da Charles Ransom Gallistel ke ganin shi a matsayin tsari na jiki mai kama da yunwa da ƙishirwa. [5][6]

Wasu ma'anoni suna jaddada ci gaba tsakanin motsi na mutum da na dabba, amma wasu suna nuna bambanci tsakanin su biyu. Wannan sau da yawa ana jaddada shi da ra'ayin cewa jami'an ɗan adam suna aiki ne saboda dalilai kuma ba a motsa su ta hanyar sarrafawa don bin ƙarfin su mafi ƙarfi. Rashin jituwa da ke da alaƙa da juna ya shafi rawar da wayar da kan jama'a ke takawa. Ma'anar da ke jaddada wannan bangare sun fahimci motsawa a matsayin mafi yawan tsari na tunani game da halayyar da ta fi dacewa. Wani hangen nesa yana jaddada yawan abubuwan da ba a sani ba da kuma abubuwan da ba su da hankali.

Manazarta

gyara sashe
  1. Brehm 2014
  2. Shah & Gardner 2013
  3. Nicholson 1998
  4. Touré-Tillery & Fishbach 2014
  5. Kleinginna & Kleinginna 1981
  6. Kleinginna & Kleinginna 1981
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