Alison Des Forges
Alison Des Forges (20 agast, 1942 - 12 pharavaree, 2009) ek American itihaasakaar aur maanavaadhikaar kaaryakarta the, jo aphreekee gret leks kshetr, vishesh roop se 1994 ke ravaanda narasanhaar mein vishisht the. apanee mrtyu ke samay, vah hyooman raits voch mein aphreekee mahaadveep kee varishth salaahakaar theen. 12 pharavaree 2009 ko ek vimaan durghatana mein unakee mrtyu ho gaee. des phorj ka janm 20 agast, 1942 ko sibil smol aur haraman e. leebhaaphskee ke ghar elisan bee. lebhaaphskee ke roop mein hua tha. unhonne 1964 mein bafelo mein stet yoonivarsitee of nyooyork ke itihaasakaar rojar des phorges se shaadee kee, jo cheen mein visheshagyata rakhate the. des phorges ne unhen bee.e. 1964 mein raidakliph kolej se itihaas mein, aur 1966 aur 1972 mein yel vishvavidyaalay se usee vishay mein eme aur peeechadee. unake maastar kee theesis aur doktaret shodh prabandh donon ne ravaanda par yooropeey upaniveshavaad ke prabhaav ko sambodhit kiya. haar hee ekamaatr buree khabar hai: musinga ke tahat ravaanda, 1896-1931, unaka shodh prabandh, 2011 mein maranoparaant prakaashit hua tha. yuhee musinga ke shaasanakaal ke dauraan adaalat kee raajaneeti ka varnan karate hue, yah darshaata hai ki ravaanda mein vibhinn samoohon ke beech vibhaajan ne kis prakaar apanee pratikriyaon ko aakaar diya aupaniveshik sarakaaren, mishanaree aur vyaapaaree. usane aphreekee gret leks kshetr mein visheshagyata haasil kee aur ravaanda narasanhaar ka adhyayan kiya. vah kaango lokataantrik ganaraajy aur burundee mein maanavaadhikaaron ke ullanghan par bhee ek adhikaar tha. maanav adhikaaron par poornakaalik kaam karane ke lie, ravaanda narasanhaar ke javaab mein des phorj ne 1994 mein shiksha chhod dee. 1999 mein, "maanavaadhikaar neta" ke roop mein unake kaam ko maanyata dene ke lie unhen maikaarthar phelo naamit kiya gaya tha. vah aphreekee mahaadveep ke lie hyooman raits voch kee varishth salaahakaar baneen. 12 pharavaree, 2009 ko nyoo jarsee ke nevaark se bafelo, nyooyork mein apane ghar ke raaste mein kontinental kanekshan flait 3407 kee havaee durghatana mein unakee mrtyu ho gaee.[1][2][3][4]