Braille bahasa Inggris
Braille bahasa Inggris, juga dikenali sebagai Braille tingkat 2,[1] ialah abjad braille yang digunakan untuk menulis bahasa Inggris. Braille ini terdiri dari 250 atau lebih huruf (fonogram), angka, tanda baca, tanda bentuk, kontraksi, dan singkatan (logogram). Beberapa huruf braille bahasa Inggris, seperti Templat:Bc2 ⟨ch⟩,[2] sesuai dengan lebih dari satu huruf yang dicetak.
| Braille Bahasa Inggris Braille tingkat-2 Braille Britania yang Disempurnakan | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Jenis aksara | |
| Bahasa | Bahasa Inggris |
Periode | 1902 |
Dasar cetak | Alfabet Inggris |
Basis cetak | Alfabet Inggris |
| Aksara terkait | |
Silsilah | Tulisan malam
|
Aksara turunan | Braille internasional yang disatukan Braille bahasa Inggris yang disatukan Braille bahasa Irlandia |
| Pengkodean Unicode | |
| U+2800 to U+283F | |
Contoh
suntingTeks berikut dalam braille bahasa Inggris yang disatukan dan Amerika tingkat 2 adalah sama:
Pasal 1 Pernyataan Umum tentang Hak-Hak Asasi Manusia
- ⠠⠁⠇⠇⠀⠓⠥⠍⠁⠝⠀⠆⠬⠎⠀⠜⠑⠀⠃⠕⠗⠝⠀⠋⠗⠑⠑⠀⠯⠀⠑⠟⠥⠁⠇⠀⠔⠀⠙⠊⠛⠝⠰⠽⠀⠯⠀⠐⠗⠎⠲
- ⠠⠮⠽⠀⠜⠑⠀⠢⠙⠪⠫⠀⠾⠀⠗⠂⠎⠕⠝⠀⠯⠀⠒⠎⠉⠊⠰⠑⠀⠯⠀⠩⠙⠀⠁⠉⠞⠀⠞⠪⠜⠙⠎⠀⠐⠕⠀⠁⠝⠕⠤
- ⠮⠗⠀⠔⠀⠁⠀⠸⠎⠀⠷⠀⠃⠗⠕⠮⠗⠓⠕⠕⠙⠲
- All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Terjemahan:
Semua orang dilahirkan merdeka dan mempunyai martabat dan hak-hak yang sama. Mereka dikaruniai akal dan hati nurani dan hendaknya bergaul satu sama lain dalam semangat persaudaraan.
Catatan kaki
sunting- ^ "Braille bahasa Inggris" biasanya merujuk kepada tingkat 2. Braille tingkat 1 yang lebih mendasar dan hanya digunakan oleh pelajar, ditetapkan sebagai "Braille bahasa Inggris tingkat 1" (Braille yang melalui pembelajaran jarak jauh).
- ^ ⟨Angle brackets⟩ akan digunakan untuk menunjukkan transkripsi huruf braille ke dalam abjad Latin.
Pranala luar
suntingPranala luar pada artikel ini mungkin tidak sesuai dengan kebijakan atau pedoman Wikipedia. Bantulah memperbaiki artikel ini dengan membuang pranala luar yang berlebihan dan tidak sesuai. (Maret 2014) |
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Braille.
Kamus
sunting- BRL online contraction dictionary
- wikt:Category:English Braille
- Duxbury charts for Grade-2 Braille: American (BANA), British (BAUK), and UEB
Organisasi
sunting- Association Valentin Haüy
- Braille Authority of North America
- Braille – American Foundation for the Blind Diarsipkan 2008-12-04 di Wayback Machine.
- National Braille Week Diarsipkan 2014-05-18 di Wayback Machine.
- Scottish Braille Press Diarsipkan 2014-02-20 di Wayback Machine.
- Royal National Institute For The Blind
- Perkins School for the Blind
- National Braille Press – offers a free Braille alphabet card
- Alternate Text Production Center
- Accessible Media Center
- National Braille Association, Inc.
- Royal Blind School. Diarsipkan 2020-06-19 di Wayback Machine.
- Braille Institute of America
- Comité Internacional ProCiegos, IAP – México
Perpustakaan
sunting- The National Library for the Blind
- Libraries Australia – catalog of Braille in 800+ Australian libraries
- Washington Talking Book & Braille Library – serving residents of the State of Washington, USA
- Braille Institute: Online Public Access Catalog
Pembelajaran
sunting- National Center on Low-Incidence Disabilities: NLS Braille Transcription[pranala nonaktif permanen]
- Learn Braille on the Internet For Free
- Braille Bug – an educational site for kids, from the American Foundation for the Blind
- BRL: Braille Through Remote Learning
- On-line Braille Course of University of São Paulo
- Online Braille Generator
- A Braille alphabet card
- Learn Braille online[pranala nonaktif permanen], change own text to Braille, Braille Writer Simulator and more
- Braille Challenge competition for blind students in North America
- English Braille, American Edition 1994, 2002 revision. (The official standard from the Braille Authority of North America)
- Instruction manual for Braille Transcribing (New 2009 Edition) from the Library of Congress Braille Transcription and Certification Program
Sejarah
sunting- Proceedings of “Braille 1809–2009: Writing with six dots and its future”, international conference held at the Headquarters of UNESCO (Paris) from 5 to 8 January 2009
- Celebrating 200 Years of Braille
- Louis Braille Online Museum—An all-new illustrated exhibit traces the history of braille and the life of this remarkable inventor.
- How Braille Began—a detailed history of Braille's origins and the people who supported and opposed the system.
- Robert B. Irwin's As I Saw It, 1955, gives a history of the "War of the Dots" that ultimately led to the adoption of the English form of the Braille literary code in the United States and the demise of American Braille and New York Point, its main competitors.
- Making a Newspaper For Sightless Readers: By means of raised dots and lines embossed on manila paper, news of the world is conveyed to the fingertips of the blind Popular Science( monthly, January 1919, page 24–25, Scanned by Google Books )
Dokumen
sunting- English Braille: American Edition
- The Rules of Unified English Braille (PDF)
- Library of Congress Instructional Manual for Braille Transcribing
- Details on Braille cell representation
- Unified (English) Braille Code (including information specific to British Braille)
Hukum
suntingSumber daya komputer
sunting(Wayback Machine copy)