East Harlem
- Spanish Harlem beralih ke halaman ini. Untuk judul lagu, lihat Spanish Harlem (lagu).
East Harlem, juga dikenal dengan nama Spanish Harlem dan El Barrio,[1] adalah sebuah wilayah di Harlem di sebelah timur laut borough Manhattan, New York City. East Harlem adalah salah satu permukiman terbesar yang didominasi Amerika Latin di New York City. Permukiman ini meliputi daerah yang dulunya bernama Italian Harlem, tempat berdirinya sisa-sisa keberadaan komunitas besar Italia di sana.[2] Namun, sejak 1950-an, permukiman ini didominasi penduduk keturunan Puerto Riko, kadang disebut Nuyorican, serta sejumlah besar penduduk Amerika Latin dan Afrika-Amerika.
Permukiman ini berbatasan dengan Sungai Harlem di utara, Sungai East di timur, East 96th Street di selatan, dan 5th Avenue di barat.[1] Permukiman ini adalah bagian dari Manhattan Community Board 11. East 116th Street dari 5th Avenue yang membentang ke timur hingga FDR Drive merupakan penghubung bisnis utama di East Harlem bersama penghubung bisnis kecil di sepanjang Third Avenue antara E 103rd Street dan E 110th Street. Permukiman ini dipatroli oleh 23rd Precinct di 162 East 102nd Street[3] dan 25th Precinct di 120 East 119th Street.[4] [1]
Catatan kaki
sunting- ^ a b Lee, Denny (July 21, 2002). "Neighborhood Report: East Harlem; A 'Museo' Moves Away From Its Barrio Identity". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-03.
- ^ Garland, Sarah (5 September 2006). "A Return to East Harlem For the Dance of the Giglio". The New York Times. hlm. 6. Diakses tanggal 13 December 2010.
- ^ "NYPD - Precincts -- 23rd Precinct". nyc.gov. NYPD. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-03.
- ^ "NYPD - Precincts -- 25th Precinct". nyc.gov. NYPD. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-03.
Bacaan lanjutan
sunting- Araujo, Richard, (5/3/03), Comedia Politica desde El Barrio, El Nuevo Dia, http://www.voteforme-themovie.com/articles/elnuevodia.pdf
- Bell, Christopher Images of America: East Harlem . Arcadia Publishing. 2003
- Bell, Christopher Images of America: East Harlem Revisited. Arcadia Publishing. 2010
- Bourgois, Philippe. In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1995 (2002)
- Cayo-Sexton, Patricia. 1965. Spanish Harlem: An Anatomy of Poverty. New York: Harper and Row.
- Davila, Arlene. Barrio Dreams: Puerto Ricans, Latinos and the Neoliberal City. University of California Press. 2004
- Jennings, James, and Monte Rivera (eds.) (1984). Puerto Rican Politics in Urban America (Westport: Greenwood Press).
- Mencher, Joan. 1989. Growing Up in Eastville, a Barrio of New York. New York: Columbia University Press.
- Moreno Vega, Marta (2004). When the Spirits Dance Mambo: Growing Up Nuyorican in El Barrio (New York: Three Rivers Press).
- Padilla, Elena. 1992. Up From Puerto Rico. New York: Columbia University Press.
- Quiñonez, Ernesto. Bodega Dreams. Random House (Vintage). 2000
- Salas, Leonardo. "From San Juan to New York: The History of the Puerto Rican". America: History and Life. 31 (1990).
- Thomas, Piri. Down These Mean Streets. Random House (Vintage). 1967
- Wakefield, Dan. Island in the City: The World of Spanish Harlem (1959)
- Zentella, Ana Celia (1997). Growing Up Bilingual: Puerto Rican Children in New York (Blackwell Publishers).
Pranala luar
sunting- Association of Hispanic Arts (AHA) Diarsipkan 2006-01-27 di Wayback Machine.
- The Booker T. Washington Learning Center, East Harlem Diarsipkan 2008-08-28 di Wayback Machine.
- Camaradas El Barrio
- Community Board 11
- East-Harlem.com
- East Harlem Against Deportation
- East Harlem Business Capital Corporation
- East Harlem Preservation
- El Museo del Barrio
- Our Lady of Mount Carmel Shrine
- Young Lords origins Diarsipkan 2012-10-25 di Wayback Machine.
- "El Barrio (Spanish Harlem)". nyc.com. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-03.