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Oké ọhịa ndị dị ala na Naijiria

Mpaghara biogeographic nke ihe dị iche iche dị ndụ nke ụwa, nke a maara dị ka Terrestrial Ecoregions nke mba ụwa (TEOW), bụ ihe mejupụtara narị asatọ na iri isii na asaa ecoregions nke kewara na iri na anọ biomes. Na mgbakwunye na ịnye map zuru oke nke ụdị ndụ dị iche iche nke ụwa, TEOW na-enyekwa nchekwa data ụdị zuru ụwa ọnụ maka nyocha gburugburu ebe obibi na ntọala kacha mkpa, usoro ihe ọmụmụ biogeographic ezi uche maka atụmatụ nchekwa buru ibu, maapụ maka ịkwalite ịgụ akwụkwọ biogeographic, yana ntọala maka Global narị abụọ. .

Oké ọhịa ndị dị ala na Naijiria

Oke ohia di ala Naijiria, nke a dị ka oke ohia mmirika nke Naijiria, bụ oke ohia mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na ndị ọrụ Naijiria na ndị na-eme egwuregwu Benin .  Ecoregion bụ nnukwu mmadụ na ebe obibi nke ọsịukwu obodo, Legọsị, Ibadan na Benin City .  A na-ewere ha dị ka otu n'ime ebe obibi dị dị ndụ na mba ahụ ma bụrụ ebe obibi nke ụdị osisi na anụmanụ dị iche iche.  [1] A nwere nnukwu nnukwu osisi osisi, mana isi ike n'ime ike na-agbasawanye.  Ọ bụ ebe na a na-eji ọtụtụ ebe eme ihe ugbu a maka osisi, nke na-enye ndị na-azụ àjà osisi azụmahịa.  Ecoregion ahụ dị mmiri mmiri n'ụdị oke osimiri yana nkụ n'ime ala, na-ebute mpaghara mpaghara na-agakọ n'àgwà oke osimiri maka narị anọ. km ogologo nke mpaghara. [2] [3] [4] [5] Site na nguzobe ngalaba nke osisi na oke ohia maka Colony na Protectorate nke Legọsị n'afọ 1897 iji chịkwaa mwepu osisi nke ọdịdị na-egosi 1880s, Naijiria pụta nke ụdị ụdị mbụ iji chịkwaa ojiji  nke ụdị.  ụzọ, British colonial ikike guzobe oke mkpa. [1]

Site na mmejuputa iwu nke oke ohia, e nyere ndi obodo iri na isii ikike ichu nta, igbu azu, ikpokota, kpata Rọba, na ugbo n'ime ebe a kara aka. Edobere ọtụtụ oke ọhịa nke mba ahụ tupu afọ 1930, n'agbanyeghị na agbakwunyere ụfọdụ na Niger Delta na mpaghara savanna ka ngwụcha afọ 1960 n'afọ 1970. N'ihi nke a, Naijiria nwere ugbu a puku narị iri iteghete na isii km2 nke oke ọhịa ahapụtara, ebe puku iri abụo, narị asaa km2 n'ime ihe ndị ahụ dị na mpaghara ebe obibi ọhịa, ebe nchekwa iri asatọ na abụọ fọdụrụnụ dị n'oké ọhịa nke mba ahụ, nke mejupụtara 10,504 km2 ma ọ bụ ihe dị ka 15% nke obodo ahụ. mkpokọta mpaghara. [2] Nnukwu oke ọhịa gara n'ihu na-ada karịa oke ọhịa ọbụna n'oge a. Tupu 1960, a na-eji atụmatụ ọrụ na-achịkwa oke ọhịa, ndị ọrụ colonial hụkwara na a gbasoro atụmatụ ndị a nke ọma. Otú ọ dị, ọnụ ọgụgụ osisi ndị a na-amịpụta, mụbara site na 1960, ozugbo 1970s hụrụ mmalite nke ego ifufe na-akpata mmanụ, ọchịchọ ụlọ maka ngwá ahịa osisi rịrị elu. N'ịgbalị ịkwalite ego mba ọzọ na ịkwado ndị ọchụnta ego obodo, osisi akụ na ụba dị ka mahoganies na iroko (Milicia excelsa), bụ nke ndị mba ọzọ na ndị si mba ọzọ na-achịbu, bụ ndị ahọpụtara abanyela n'ọtụtụ buru ibu n'okpuru iwu ọhịa laxer. Ndị a bụ nnukwu osisi akụ na ụba na-enyere ndị mmadụ aka na mmepe na iwu ụlọ.

Iji hụ na a na-enweta osisi siri ike na-aga n'ihu, ngalaba na-ahụ maka oke ọhịa nke Nigeria, dị ka ndị isi ọhịa ndị ọzọ n'Afrika, nwara ime ihe ịma aka nke silviculture n'ime ọhịa mmiri na-amalite n'afọ 1950s. Otú ọ dị, eziokwu ahụ bụ na oké ọhịa na-agwụ ike mgbe a na-eme ihe na-emepụta ihe na-aga n'ihu n'oge mbụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nrigbu. [3] Nke a nwere ike ịbụ site na iwu osisi 1906 mbụ nke chọrọ ndị na-egbu osisi ka ha guzobe ihe ubi ma ọ bụ wepụta patches nke mmụgharị ozugbo. [4] Ụfọdụ n'ime usoro ndị ahụ na-eji ntugharị aka arụ ọrụ, ma ndị ọzọ dabere na mmeghari ebumpụta ụwa. Ahụmahụ Malayan jere ozi dị ka ihe ndabere maka nnabata 1940s nke usoro osisi ebe nchekwa okpomọkụ nke Naijiria. Ọ na-agụnye ndị na-arị elu na-egbutu na imeghe oghere ahụ site n'igbu osisi ndị e chere na ha abaghị uru, na-ekwe ka ụdị osisi ndị bara uru na-amụba n'ụzọ nkịtị. [4] 6,15

Geography

dezie

Oke ụfọdụ ndị dị na Naijiria dị na ndịda bụ mangroves dị n' mmiri osimiri na na Guinea, [1] n' , , adii dio n'Ụdị Niger na delta ya, [2] [3] n'ebe ugwu site n'  oké Guinean-savanna mosaic .  N'ebe mmalite ya bụ Dahomey Gap, mpaghara mmiri dị n' oke osimiri ebe oke-savanna mosaic na- ruo n'oké osimiri, na-ekewa oke ike dị àlà nso nke Guinea, bụ nke ala ala Naijiria bụ, site  na oke mkpa nke Upper Guinea .  West Afrika.  [4] O nwere ihe ụdị ụdị ụmụ amaala ma na-akwado osisi narị ise na iri isii nke a na-eji arụ ụlọ.[ a chọrọ nkọwa ]

.Ihu igwe nke ecoregion bụ Ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke savanna - akọrọ oyi Köppen nkesa ihu igwe.  Nke a na ihu igwe na-eji dịtụ egwu n'ime afọ, a akpọ oge ọkọchị.  ọnwa mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ ihe na- ọnọdụ iri isii mm nke mmiri mmiri, ọ na-ebe nkụ nkezi ụgbụ.  [1] [2] Mgbanwe ihu igwe na-emetụta ndụ nke ụfọdụ osisi.  N'okpuru anwụ siri ike na ihu igwe nti nkụ, ụfọdụ osisi ga-amalite ịnwụ.  [3] Ndị ode akwụkwọ kwusiri ike na Naijiria na-enwe ike dị iche iche na ihu igwe na-emetụta ndụ ya.  Enweela nsogbu n'otú mmiri ozuzo si ezo, mgbe ụfọdụ anwụ na-achasi ike na oyi, nke na-enwe ihe kpatara na mba ahụ.  Oke mmiri mmiri na-emetụta ndụ nke anyị anyị.  Iju mmiri, nke mere n'ọtụtụ dị iche iche na Naijiria [5]

A na-amata oke ụfọdụ ndị dị na Naijiria dị ka otu n'ime ebe ihe dị iche iche na-ekpo ọkụ n'Africa .  [1] Ha na-akwado ụdị dị iche iche nke flora na fauna .  mkpuchi a nwere ọtụtụ ụdị ihe omume na-efe efe, asị ndị dị ụkọ na ndị nọ n'ihe egwu.  [2] Ọhịa ndị ahụ na-enye ụdị anụmanụ dị iche iche ebe obibi, dị ka primates (gụnyere Ọzọdimgba Naịjiria -Cameroon ), enyí, agụ owuru, antelopes, anụ ufe, ndị amphibians, na ọtụtụ ụdị osisi.[ a chọrọ nkọwa ]

Ihe dị ka pacenti iri anọ na asatọ nke ụdị ahụ bụ ike mechiri emechi osisi, nke na- ihie na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ.  Pacenti iri atọ na isii ọzọ bụ obodo mepere emepe, pacenti ise bụ mepere emepe ma wuo ya, nke alụ bụ ala mmiri na-achọgharị.  [1] N'ihi na mmiri ozuzo na-agbada site n'ebe dị anya site n'oké osimiri, ecoregion na- anọ ụdọ ihu igwe nwera mpaghara na-adakọ n'egwu osimiri.  Nke kacha nso n'oké osimiri bụ mpaghara mpaghara mmiri mmiri, nke na-esote mpaghara osisi osisi deciduous agwa agwa na mpaghara ime obodo tis he parkland.  [2] Na mpaghara oke URL, osisi ndị a na [2] akara bụ nke akara Leguminosae ( Brachystegia ), Cylicodiscus gabunensis, Gossweilerodendron balsamiferum, Piptadeniastrum africanum, na ihe Meliaceae ( Entandrophragma, Guarea, Khaya ivorenachi .

Ọ bụ ebe na n'ozuzu, ọkwa nke endemism anụmanụ dị ala na ecoregion, e nwere ụfọdụ ụdị endemic ndị a ma ama.  A na-ahụ guenon na-acha ọcha na-egbu egbu ( Cercopithecus erythrogaster ) naanị na ecoregion a.  Ibadan malimbe ( Malimbus ibadanensis ) dị n'ihe ize ndụ dị na mpaghara parkland ugwu.  arọ e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na Niger Delta dekọrọ egwu ndụ ihe nketa crested ( Genetta cristata ).  Edekọkwara gecko Naijiria crag gecko ( Cnemaspis petrodroma ) na toad Perrots ( Bufo perreti ) na mpaghara ahụ. [6]

  1. ↑ Okali (2004). Rain forest management for wood production in West and Central Africa: lessons learned on sustainable forest management in Africa.. 
  2. ↑ Fuwape (2006). Forest management and forest landscapes in Nigeria: landscape ecology. (in en). Florence: Accademia Italiana di Scienze Forestali. 
  3. ↑ Isichei (1995). Omo Biosphere Reserve, Current Status, Utilization of Biological Resources and Sustainable Management (Nigeria)., 11 (in en), Paris: In UNESCO (ed.) South-South Cooperation Programme on Environmentally Sound Socio-Economic Development in the Humid Tropics working papers No. 11.. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Okali (2004). Rain forest management for wood production in West and Central Africa: lessons learned on sustainable forest management in Africa. (in en). 
  5. ↑ (2023) Climate Change Impacts on Nigeria, Springer Climate. DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-21007-5. ISBN 978-3-031-21006-8. 
  6. ↑ Nigerian lowland forests (en). World Wildlife Federation. Retrieved on June 20, 2020.
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