Pipistrelli del Madagascar

Pipistrelli del Madagascar

In Madagascar sono state descritte 45 differenti specie di pipistrelli, 38 delle quali sono endemiche. Tra di esse vi sono rappresentanti di ben 6 delle 8 famiglie di pipistrelli presenti in Africa. Una famiglia (Myzopodidae) ed un genere (Paremballonura) sono presenti solo in Madagascar. Tre generi (Eidolon, Coleura e Triaenops) hanno origini africane mentre altri (Pteropus, Emballonura e Mormopterus) sono di origine asiatica.^[1]

Il numero delle specie note ha subito un notevole incremento nel corso dell'ultimo decennio: nella checklist redatta da Daniel Bennet & John Russ nel 2001 venivano censite 31 specie^[2] ma al 2011 il numero delle specie segnalate è salito a 44^[3].

In verde

sono contrassegnate le specie endemiche.

Lo stato di conservazione è indicato in base alla Lista rossa della Unione Internazionale per la Conservazione della Natura (IUCN).^[4]

Megachiroptera

Pteropodidae

Specie	Nome comune	Status IUCN
Pteropus rufus	volpe volante del Madagascar
Eidolon dupreanum	pipistrello della frutta paglierino del Madagascar
Rousettus madagascarensis	rossetto del Madagascar

Microchiroptera

Emballonuridae

Specie	Nome comune	Status IUCN
Coleura kibomalandy^[5]
Paremballonura atrata
Paremballonura tiavato^[6]
Taphozous mauritianus	pipistrello delle tombe di Mauritius

Hipposideridae

Specie	Nome comune	Status IUCN
Hipposideros besaoka^[7]
Hipposideros commersoni	Ipposidero di Commerson
Hipposideros cryptovalorona^[8]

Rhinonycteridae

Specie	Nome comune	Status IUCN
Paratriaenops auritus
Paratriaenops furculus
Triaenops menamena^[9]

Miniopteridae

Specie	Nome comune	Status IUCN
Miniopterus aelleni^[10]
Miniopterus ambohitrensis^[11]
Miniopterus brachytragos^[12]
Miniopterus egeri^[13]
Miniopterus gleni
Miniopterus griffithsi^[14]
Miniopterus griveaudi^[10]
Miniopterus mahafaliensis^[12]
Miniopterus majori
Miniopterus manavi
Miniopterus petersoni^[15]
Miniopterus sororculus^[16]

Molossidae

Specie	Nome comune	Status IUCN
Chaerephon atsinanana^[17]
Chaerephon jobimena^[18]
Chaerephon pumilus
Mops leucostigma
Mops midas
Mormopterus jugularis
Otomops madagascariensis
Tadarida fulminans

Myzopodidae

Specie	Nome comune	Status IUCN
Myzopoda aurita	pipistrello dai piedi a ventosa
Myzopoda schliemanni^[19]

Nycteridae

Specie	Nome comune	Status IUCN
Nycteris madagascariensis

Vespertilionidae

Specie	Nome comune	Status IUCN
Neoromicia bemainty^[20]
Myotis goudoti
Laephotis matroka
Laephotis robertsi^[21]
Laephotis malagasyensis^[22]
Pipistrellus hesperidus
Pipistrellus raceyi
Scotophilus borbonicus
Scotophilus marovaza
Scotophilus robustus
Scotophilus tandrefana

Note

^ Racey PA, Goodman SM and Jenkins RKB, The ecology and conservation of Malagasy bats, in Fleming TH and Racey PA (eds.) Island Bats: Evolution, Ecology, and Conservation, University of Chicago Press, 2010, pp. 369–404, ISBN 978-0-226-25330-5.
^ Bennet D & Russ J, The Bats of Madagascar: An Identification Guide with Descriptions of Echolocation Calls (PDF), in Aberdeen University, 2001. URL consultato il 9 giugno 2013 (archiviato dall'url originale il 29 ottobre 2013).
^ O'Brien J, Bats of the Western Indian Ocean Islands, in Animals, vol. 1, 2011, pp. 259-290.
^ (EN) The IUCN Red List web site, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
^ Goodman SM, Puechmaille SJ, Friedli-Weyeneth N, Gerlach J, Ruedi M, Schoeman MC, Stanley WT & Teeling EC, Phylogeny of the Emballonurini (Emballonuridae) with descriptions of a new genus and species from Madagascar (PDF), in Journal of Mammalogy, vol. 93, n. 6, 2012, pp. 1440-1455 (archiviato dall'url originale il 3 marzo 2014).
^ Goodman SM, Cardiff SC, Ranivo J, Russell AL & Yoder AD, A New Species of emballonura (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae) from the Dry Regions of Madagascar, in American Museum Novitates, vol. 3538, 2006.
^ Karen E. Samonds, Late Pleistocene bat fossils from Anjohibe Cave, northwestern Madagascar, in Acta Chiropterologica, vol. 9, n. 1, 2007, pp. 39-65.
^ Goodman SM, Schoeman MC, Rakotoarivelo A & Willows-Munro S, How many species of Hipposideros have occurred on Madagascar since the Late Pleistocene?, in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, vol. 177, 2016, pp. 428-429.
^ Goodman SM and Ranivo J, The geographical origin of the type specimens of Triaenops rufus and T.humbloti (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) reputed to be from Madagascar and the description of a replacement species name (XML), in Mammalia, vol. 73, n. 1, 2009, pp. 47–55.
^ ^a ^b Goodman SM, Maminirina CP, Weyeneth N, Bradman HM, Christidis L, Ruedi M and Appleton B, The use of molecular and morphological characters to resolve the taxonomic identity of cryptic species: the case of Miniopterus manavi (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae), in Zoologica Scripta, vol. 38, 2009, pp. 339–363. URL consultato l'11 giugno 2013 (archiviato dall'url originale il 9 dicembre 2012).
^ (EN) Description of a new species of the Miniopterus aelleni group (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae) from upland areas of central and northern Madagascar (PDF), in Zootaxa, vol. 3936, n. 4, 2015, pp. 538-58.
^ ^a ^b Goodman SM, Maminirina CP, Bradman HM, Christidis L, Appleton B, The use of molecular phylogenetic and morphological tools to identify cryptic and paraphyletic species : examples from the diminutive long-fingered bats (Chiroptera, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus) on Madagascar, in American Museum Novitates, vol. 3669, 2009, pp. 1–34.
^ Goodman SM, Ramasindrazana B, Maminirina CP, Schoeman MC and Appleton B, Morphological, bioacoustical, and genetic variation in Miniopterus bats from eastern Madagascar, with the description of a new species (PDF), in Zootaxa, vol. 2880, 2011, pp. 1–19.
^ Goodman SM, Maminirina CP, Bradman HM, Christidis L, Appleton BR, Patterns of morphological and genetic variation in the endemic Malagasy bat Miniopterus gleni (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae), with the description of a new species, M. griffithsi, in Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, vol. 48, n. 1, 2010, pp. 75–86.
^ Goodman SM, Bradman HM, Maminirina CP, Ryan KE, Christidis LL and Appleton B, A new species of Miniopterus (Chiroptera: Miniopteridiae) from lowland southeastern Madagascar, in Mammalian Biology, vol. 73, 2008, pp. 199-213, DOI:10.1016/j.mambio.2007.12.003.
^ Goodman SM, Ryan KE, Maminirina CP, Fahr J, Christidis L e Appleton B, Specific status of populations on Madagascar referred to Miniopterus fraterculus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), with description of a new species, in Journal of Mammalogy, vol. 88, n. 5, 2007, pp. 1216-1229.
^ Goodman SM et al, Patterns of morphological and genetic variation in western Indian Ocean members of the Chaerephon ‘pumilus’ complex (Chiroptera: Molossidae), with the description of a new species from Madagascar (PDF), in Zootaxa, vol. 2551, 2010, pp. 1-36.
^ Goodman SM & Cardiff SG, A New Species of Chaerephon (Molossidae) from Madagascar with Notes on Other Members of the Family, in Acta Chiropterologica, vol. 6, n. 2, 2004, pp. 227-248.
^ Goodman S.M., Rakotondraparany F. & Kofoky A, The description of a new species of Myzopoda (Myzopodiade: Chiroptera) from western Madagascar, in Mammalian Biology, vol. 72, 2006, pp. 65-81. URL consultato il 3 maggio 2019 (archiviato dall'url originale il 14 marzo 2016).
^ Goodman SM, Rakotondramanana CF, Ramasindrazana B, Kearney T, Monadjem A, Schoeman MC, Taylor PJ, Naughton K & Appleton B, An integrative approach to characterize Malagasy bats of the subfamily Vespertilioninae Gray 1821 with the_description of a new species of Hypsugo, in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, vol. 173, 2015, pp. 988-1018.
^ Goodman SM, Taylor PJ, Ratrimomanarivo F & Hoofer SR, The genus Neoromicia (Family Vespertilionidae) in Madagascar, with the description of a new species, in Zootaxa, vol. 3250, 2012, pp. 1-25.
^ Goodman SM and Ranivo J, The taxonomic status of Neoromicia somalicus malagasyensis, in Mammalian Biology, vol. 69, n. 6, 2004, pp. 434–438.

Bibliografia

Goodman SM, An island of discoveries: Madagascar reveals a swarm of new bat species (PDF), in Bats, vol. 25, n. 2, 2007, pp. 12–14. URL consultato il 16 giugno 2013 (archiviato dall'url originale il 23 settembre 2015).
Racey PA, Goodman SM and Jenkins RKB, The ecology and conservation of Malagasy bats, in Fleming TH and Racey PA (eds.) Island Bats: Evolution, Ecology, and Conservation, University of Chicago Press, 2010, pp. 369–404, ISBN 978-0-226-25330-5.
O’Brien J, Bats of the Western Indian Ocean Islands, in Animals, vol. 1, 2011, pp. 259-290.

Voci correlate

Fauna del Madagascar

Portale Madagascar

Portale Mammiferi

[1] Racey PA, Goodman SM and Jenkins RKB, The ecology and conservation of Malagasy bats, in Fleming TH and Racey PA (eds.) Island Bats: Evolution, Ecology, and Conservation, University of Chicago Press, 2010, pp. 369–404, ISBN 978-0-226-25330-5.

[2] Bennet D & Russ J, The Bats of Madagascar: An Identification Guide with Descriptions of Echolocation Calls (PDF), in Aberdeen University, 2001. URL consultato il 9 giugno 2013 (archiviato dall'url originale il 29 ottobre 2013).

[3] O'Brien J, Bats of the Western Indian Ocean Islands, in Animals, vol. 1, 2011, pp. 259-290.

[4] (EN) The IUCN Red List web site, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.

[5] Goodman SM, Puechmaille SJ, Friedli-Weyeneth N, Gerlach J, Ruedi M, Schoeman MC, Stanley WT & Teeling EC, Phylogeny of the Emballonurini (Emballonuridae) with descriptions of a new genus and species from Madagascar (PDF), in Journal of Mammalogy, vol. 93, n. 6, 2012, pp. 1440-1455 (archiviato dall'url originale il 3 marzo 2014).

[6] Goodman SM, Cardiff SC, Ranivo J, Russell AL & Yoder AD, A New Species of emballonura (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae) from the Dry Regions of Madagascar, in American Museum Novitates, vol. 3538, 2006.

[7] Karen E. Samonds, Late Pleistocene bat fossils from Anjohibe Cave, northwestern Madagascar, in Acta Chiropterologica, vol. 9, n. 1, 2007, pp. 39-65.

[8] Goodman SM, Schoeman MC, Rakotoarivelo A & Willows-Munro S, How many species of Hipposideros have occurred on Madagascar since the Late Pleistocene?, in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, vol. 177, 2016, pp. 428-429.

[Goodman2009c-9] Goodman SM and Ranivo J, The geographical origin of the type specimens of Triaenops rufus and T.humbloti (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) reputed to be from Madagascar and the description of a replacement species name (XML), in Mammalia, vol. 73, n. 1, 2009, pp. 47–55.

[Goodman2009a-10] Goodman SM, Maminirina CP, Weyeneth N, Bradman HM, Christidis L, Ruedi M and Appleton B, The use of molecular and morphological characters to resolve the taxonomic identity of cryptic species: the case of Miniopterus manavi (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae), in Zoologica Scripta, vol. 38, 2009, pp. 339–363. URL consultato l'11 giugno 2013 (archiviato dall'url originale il 9 dicembre 2012).

[11] (EN) Description of a new species of the Miniopterus aelleni group (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae) from upland areas of central and northern Madagascar (PDF), in Zootaxa, vol. 3936, n. 4, 2015, pp. 538-58.

[Goodman2009b-12] Goodman SM, Maminirina CP, Bradman HM, Christidis L, Appleton B, The use of molecular phylogenetic and morphological tools to identify cryptic and paraphyletic species : examples from the diminutive long-fingered bats (Chiroptera, Miniopteridae, Miniopterus) on Madagascar, in American Museum Novitates, vol. 3669, 2009, pp. 1–34.

[Goodman2011-13] Goodman SM, Ramasindrazana B, Maminirina CP, Schoeman MC and Appleton B, Morphological, bioacoustical, and genetic variation in Miniopterus bats from eastern Madagascar, with the description of a new species (PDF), in Zootaxa, vol. 2880, 2011, pp. 1–19.

[Goodman2010-14] Goodman SM, Maminirina CP, Bradman HM, Christidis L, Appleton BR, Patterns of morphological and genetic variation in the endemic Malagasy bat Miniopterus gleni (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae), with the description of a new species, M. griffithsi, in Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, vol. 48, n. 1, 2010, pp. 75–86.

[Goodman2008-15] Goodman SM, Bradman HM, Maminirina CP, Ryan KE, Christidis LL and Appleton B, A new species of Miniopterus (Chiroptera: Miniopteridiae) from lowland southeastern Madagascar, in Mammalian Biology, vol. 73, 2008, pp. 199-213, DOI:10.1016/j.mambio.2007.12.003.

[16] Goodman SM, Ryan KE, Maminirina CP, Fahr J, Christidis L e Appleton B, Specific status of populations on Madagascar referred to Miniopterus fraterculus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), with description of a new species, in Journal of Mammalogy, vol. 88, n. 5, 2007, pp. 1216-1229.

[17] Goodman SM et al, Patterns of morphological and genetic variation in western Indian Ocean members of the Chaerephon ‘pumilus’ complex (Chiroptera: Molossidae), with the description of a new species from Madagascar (PDF), in Zootaxa, vol. 2551, 2010, pp. 1-36.

[18] Goodman SM & Cardiff SG, A New Species of Chaerephon (Molossidae) from Madagascar with Notes on Other Members of the Family, in Acta Chiropterologica, vol. 6, n. 2, 2004, pp. 227-248.

[19] Goodman S.M., Rakotondraparany F. & Kofoky A, The description of a new species of Myzopoda (Myzopodiade: Chiroptera) from western Madagascar, in Mammalian Biology, vol. 72, 2006, pp. 65-81. URL consultato il 3 maggio 2019 (archiviato dall'url originale il 14 marzo 2016).

[20] Goodman SM, Rakotondramanana CF, Ramasindrazana B, Kearney T, Monadjem A, Schoeman MC, Taylor PJ, Naughton K & Appleton B, An integrative approach to characterize Malagasy bats of the subfamily Vespertilioninae Gray 1821 with the_description of a new species of Hypsugo, in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, vol. 173, 2015, pp. 988-1018.

[Goodman2012-21] Goodman SM, Taylor PJ, Ratrimomanarivo F & Hoofer SR, The genus Neoromicia (Family Vespertilionidae) in Madagascar, with the description of a new species, in Zootaxa, vol. 3250, 2012, pp. 1-25.

[Goodman2004-22] Goodman SM and Ranivo J, The taxonomic status of Neoromicia somalicus malagasyensis, in Mammalian Biology, vol. 69, n. 6, 2004, pp. 434–438.

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