Disforia gènder

Disforia gènder yaiku rasa sangsara sing dirasakaké dèning wong amerga jenis kelamin lan gènder sing diwènèhi nalika dheweké lair ora pas karo idhèntitas gènderé. Ing kasus iki, amerga gènder lan jenis kelamin sing diduwèni kerasa ora cocog karo idhéntitas gènder, wong iku dadi transgender. Ana bukti ing penelitian yèn disforia gènder orang mung prakara psikologis, nanging uga prakara biologis.^[1]

Cacahé wong sing nduweni idhèntitas transgènder udakara séjé-séjé gumantung saka 1:2000 (utawa sekitar 0,05%) ing Walanda lan Bèlgi ^[2] nganti 0,5% wong diwasa ing Massachusetts^[3] lan 1.2% murid SMA ing Niu Sélan.^[4] Cacah iki saka jumlah wong sing nganggep dhèwèké dadi transgènder. Udakara ana 0,005% nganti 0,014% wong sing dianggep wong lanang wiwit lair lan 0.002% nganti 0,003% wong sing dianggep wadon wiwit lair bakal entuk diagnosis disforia gènder saka dhasar kriteria diagnostik taun 2013, senadyan cacah iki dianggep isih kurang.^[5] Ana risèt sing ngomong yen kamungkinan cacahé bisa kaping telu luwih gedhé menawa wong sing ngelakoni transisi nalika diwasa bokmenawa dianggep wong lanang nalika lair, nanging rasio wong-wong sing ngelakoni transisi pas cilik meh 1:1.^[6]

Saka ilmu psikiatri, wong sing ngalami disforia gènder paling apik diobati nganggo psikoterapi utawa dhukungan kanggo wong kasebut supaya duwèni gènder sing dikarepaké liwat terapi hormon utawa operasi.^[7]

Cathetan sikil

↑ Heylens, G; De Cuypere, G; Zucker, K; Schelfaut, C; Elaut, E; Vanden Bossche, H; De Baere, E; T'Sjoen, G (2012). "Gender Identity Disorder in Twins: A Review of the Case Report Literature". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 8 (3): 751–757. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02567.x.
↑ Olyslager, Femke; Conway, Lynn (2008). "Transseksualiteit komt vaker voor dan u denkt. Een nieuwe kijk op de prevalentie van transseksualiteit in Nederland en België". Tijdschrift voor Genderstudies . Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. 11 (2): 39–51. ISSN 1388-3186. Dibukak ing August 27, 2013. …it is safe to assume that the lower limit for the inherent prevalence of transsexualism in the Netherlands and Flanders is on order of 1:2000 to 1:1000 for transgender females and on the order of 1:4000 to 1:2000 for transgender males.
↑ Conron, KJ; Scott, G; Stowell, GS; Landers, S (January 2012), "Transgender Health in Massachusetts: Results from a Household Probability Sample of Adults", American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102, no. 1, kc. 118–222, doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300315, ISSN 1541-0048, OCLC 01642844, dibukak ing August 28, 2013, Between 2007 and 2009, survey participants aged 18 to 64 years in the Massachusetts Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (MA-BRFSS; N = 28 662) were asked: "Some people describe themselves as transgender when they experience a different gender identity from their sex at birth. For example, a person born into a male body, but who feels female or lives as a woman. Do you consider yourself to be transgender?" […] We restricted the analytic sample to 28176 participants who answered yes or no to the transgender question (excluding n=364, 1.0% weighted who declined to respond. […] Transgender respondents (n=131; 0.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.3%, 0.6%) were somewhat younger and more likely to be Hispanic than were nontransgender respondents.
↑ Clark, Terryann C.; Lucassen, Mathijs F.G.; Bullen, Pat; Denny, Simon J.; Fleming, Theresa M.; Robinson, Elizabeth M.; Rossen, Fiona V. (2014). "The Health and Well-Being of Transgender High School Students: Results From the New Zealand Adolescent Health Survey (Youth'12)". Journal of Adolescent Health. 55 (1): 93–9. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.11.008. PMID 24438852. Whether a student was transgender was measured by the question, "Do you think you are transgender? This is a girl who feels like she should have been a boy, or a boy who feels like he should have been a girl (e.g., Trans, Queen, Fa’faffine, Whakawahine, Tangata ira Tane, Genderqueer)?" […] Over 8,000 students (n = 8,166) answered the question about whether they were transgender. Approximately 95% of students did not report being transgender (n=7,731; 94.7%), 96 students reported being transgender (1.2%), 202 reported not being sure (2.5%), and 137 did not understand the question (1.7%).
↑ Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5. American Psychiatric Association. 2013. kc. 454. ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8.
↑ Landen, M; Walinder, J; Lundstrom, B (1996). "Prevalence, incidence and sex ratio of transsexualism". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 93 (4): 221–223. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1996.tb10638.x. PMID 8712018. On average, the male [to female]:female [to male] ratio in prevalence studies is estimated to be 3:1. However […] the incidence studies have shown a considerably lower male [to female] predominance. In Sweden and England and Wales a sex ratio of 1:1 has been reported. In the most recent incidence data from Sweden there is a slight male [to female] predominance among the group consisting of all applicants for sex reassignment, while in the group of primary [early onset] transsexuals there is no difference in incidence between men and women.
↑ "Standards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender-Nonconforming People, Version 7" (PDF). International Journal of Transgenderism. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. 13: 165–232. 2011. doi:10.1080/15532739.2011.700873. Diarsip saka sing asli (PDF) ing August 2, 2014. Dibukak ing August 30, 2014.

Wacan liyane

Conway, Lynn (June 26, 2014). "Successful TransMen: Links and Photos". ai.eecs.umich.edu. Dibukak ing December 2, 2014. Conway, Lynn (June 26, 2014). "Successful TransMen: Links and Photos". ai.eecs.umich.edu. Dibukak ing December 2, 2014. Conway, Lynn (June 26, 2014). "Successful TransMen: Links and Photos". ai.eecs.umich.edu. Dibukak ing December 2, 2014.
Conway, Lynn (February 5, 2011). "Transsexual Women's Successes: Links and Photos". ai.eecs.umich.edu. Dibukak ing December 2, 2014. Conway, Lynn (February 5, 2011). "Transsexual Women's Successes: Links and Photos". ai.eecs.umich.edu. Dibukak ing December 2, 2014. Conway, Lynn (February 5, 2011). "Transsexual Women's Successes: Links and Photos". ai.eecs.umich.edu. Dibukak ing December 2, 2014.
Jacques, Juliet. "A Transgender Journey". The Guardian. Dibukak ing December 2, 2014. Jacques, Juliet. "A Transgender Journey". The Guardian. Dibukak ing December 2, 2014. Jacques, Juliet. "A Transgender Journey". The Guardian. Dibukak ing December 2, 2014. Jacques, Juliet. "A Transgender Journey". The Guardian. Dibukak ing December 2, 2014.
World Professional Association for Transgender Health (2012). Standards of Care for Gender Identity Disorders (PDF). Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association. Diarsip saka sing asli (PDF) ing 2014-09-24. Dibukak ing 2019-07-03. World Professional Association for Transgender Health (2012). Standards of Care for Gender Identity Disorders (PDF). Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association. Diarsip saka sing asli (PDF) ing 2014-09-24. Dibukak ing 2019-07-03. World Professional Association for Transgender Health (2012). Standards of Care for Gender Identity Disorders (PDF). Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association. Diarsip saka sing asli (PDF) ing 2014-09-24. Dibukak ing 2019-07-03. Kalebu katrangan babagan kritéria ICD-10.

[etiology-1] Heylens, G; De Cuypere, G; Zucker, K; Schelfaut, C; Elaut, E; Vanden Bossche, H; De Baere, E; T'Sjoen, G (2012). "Gender Identity Disorder in Twins: A Review of the Case Report Literature". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 8 (3): 751–757. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02567.x.

[conway-2] Olyslager, Femke; Conway, Lynn (2008). "Transseksualiteit komt vaker voor dan u denkt. Een nieuwe kijk op de prevalentie van transseksualiteit in Nederland en België". Tijdschrift voor Genderstudies . Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. 11 (2): 39–51. ISSN 1388-3186. Dibukak ing August 27, 2013. …it is safe to assume that the lower limit for the inherent prevalence of transsexualism in the Netherlands and Flanders is on order of 1:2000 to 1:1000 for transgender females and on the order of 1:4000 to 1:2000 for transgender males.

[AJPH-3] Conron, KJ; Scott, G; Stowell, GS; Landers, S (January 2012), "Transgender Health in Massachusetts: Results from a Household Probability Sample of Adults", American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102, no. 1, kc. 118–222, doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300315, ISSN 1541-0048, OCLC 01642844, dibukak ing August 28, 2013, Between 2007 and 2009, survey participants aged 18 to 64 years in the Massachusetts Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (MA-BRFSS; N = 28 662) were asked: "Some people describe themselves as transgender when they experience a different gender identity from their sex at birth. For example, a person born into a male body, but who feels female or lives as a woman. Do you consider yourself to be transgender?" […] We restricted the analytic sample to 28176 participants who answered yes or no to the transgender question (excluding n=364, 1.0% weighted who declined to respond. […] Transgender respondents (n=131; 0.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.3%, 0.6%) were somewhat younger and more likely to be Hispanic than were nontransgender respondents.

[4] Clark, Terryann C.; Lucassen, Mathijs F.G.; Bullen, Pat; Denny, Simon J.; Fleming, Theresa M.; Robinson, Elizabeth M.; Rossen, Fiona V. (2014). "The Health and Well-Being of Transgender High School Students: Results From the New Zealand Adolescent Health Survey (Youth'12)". Journal of Adolescent Health. 55 (1): 93–9. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.11.008. PMID 24438852. Whether a student was transgender was measured by the question, "Do you think you are transgender? This is a girl who feels like she should have been a boy, or a boy who feels like he should have been a girl (e.g., Trans, Queen, Fa’faffine, Whakawahine, Tangata ira Tane, Genderqueer)?" […] Over 8,000 students (n = 8,166) answered the question about whether they were transgender. Approximately 95% of students did not report being transgender (n=7,731; 94.7%), 96 students reported being transgender (1.2%), 202 reported not being sure (2.5%), and 137 did not understand the question (1.7%).

[5] Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5. American Psychiatric Association. 2013. kc. 454. ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8.

[prevalence-6] Landen, M; Walinder, J; Lundstrom, B (1996). "Prevalence, incidence and sex ratio of transsexualism". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 93 (4): 221–223. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1996.tb10638.x. PMID 8712018. On average, the male [to female]:female [to male] ratio in prevalence studies is estimated to be 3:1. However […] the incidence studies have shown a considerably lower male [to female] predominance. In Sweden and England and Wales a sex ratio of 1:1 has been reported. In the most recent incidence data from Sweden there is a slight male [to female] predominance among the group consisting of all applicants for sex reassignment, while in the group of primary [early onset] transsexuals there is no difference in incidence between men and women.

[Standards_of_Care-7] "Standards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender-Nonconforming People, Version 7" (PDF). International Journal of Transgenderism. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. 13: 165–232. 2011. doi:10.1080/15532739.2011.700873. Diarsip saka sing asli (PDF) ing August 2, 2014. Dibukak ing August 30, 2014.

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