유가 (힌두교)

힌두교에서 유가는 일반적으로 시대를 나타내는데 사용된다.^[1]^[2]

리그베다에서 유가는 세대, 긴 기간, 매우 짧은 기간 또는 멍에(두 가지를 결합하는 것)를 의미한다.^[3] 마하바라타에서 유가와 칼파(브라흐마의 날)라는 단어는 창조와 파괴의 순환을 설명하기 위해 같은 의미로 사용된다.^[4]

"유가"라는 이름은 일반적으로 차투르유가, 예를 들어 수리야 싯단타와 바가바드 기타(마하바라타의 일부)에서 4개의 세계 시대(사트야 유가, 트레타 유가, 드와파라 유가, 칼리 유가)의 순환을 나타낸다.^[1]^[5]^[a]

인용주

↑ The general word "yuga" is sometimes used instead of the more specific word "catur-yuga". A kalpa is described as lasting 1,000 catur-yuga in Bhagavata Purana 12.4.2 ("catur-yuga")^[6] and Bhagavad Gita 8.17 ("yuga").^[7]

참조주

↑ ^가 ^나 “Yuga”. 《Dictionary.com》. 랜덤하우스.
↑ Sundarraj, M. (1997) [1st ed. 1994]. 〈Ch. 4 Asvins⁠—Time-Keepers〉. Mahalingam, N. 《RG Vedic Studies》. Coimbatore: Rukmani Offset Press. 219쪽. It is quite clear that the smallest unit was the 'nimisah' ['winking of eyes'], and that time in the general sense of past, present and future was indicated by the word 'yuga'.
↑ “Kalivarjya (actions forbidden in the Kali Age)”. 《Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society》 (The Asiatic Society of Bombay) 12: 1–2. September 1936. The word yuga occurs at least thirty-eight times in the Rigveda, but the meaning is rather doubtful. In a few places yuga means yoke ... In many places it appears to refer to a very brief period ... Generally yuga appears to mean in the Rigveda 'generation' (lessening the life of human generations) ... In other places 'yuga' must be given the sense of a 'long period of time' ...
↑ . Brill Publishers. |제목=이(가) 없거나 비었음 (도움말)
↑ Burgess, Rev. Ebenezer (1935) [1st ed. 1860]. Gangooly, Phanindralal, 편집. 《Translation of the Surya-Siddhanta, A Text-Book of Hindu Astronomy; With notes and an appendix》. University of Calcutta. 9쪽. The period of 4,320,000 years is ordinarily styled Great Age (mahayuga), or, as above in two instances [1.15-16], Quadruple Age (caturyuga). In the Surya-Siddhanta, however, the former term is not once found, and the latter occurs only in these verses; elsewhere, Age (yuga) alone is employed to denote it, and always denotes it, unless expressly limited by the name of the Golden (krta) Age.
↑ “Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam (Bhāgavata Purāṇa) 12.4.2”. 《Bhaktivedanta Vedabase》. 2020년 5월 10일에 확인함.
catur-yuga-sahasraṁ tu brahmaṇo dinam ucyate ।
sa kalpo yatra manavaś caturdaśa viśām-pate ॥ 2 ॥
(2) One thousand cycles of four ages [catur-yuga] constitute a single day of Brahmā, known as a kalpa. In that period, O King, fourteen Manus come and go.
↑ “Bhagavad-gītā As It Is”, 《Bhaktivedanta Vedabase》 (Bhaktivedanta Book Trust), 1968, LCCN 68008322, 2020년 5월 10일에 확인함,
sahasra-yuga-paryantam ahar yad brahmaṇo viduḥ ।
rātriṁ yuga-sahasrāntāṁ te ’ho-rātra-vido janāḥ ॥ 17 ॥
(17) By human calculation, a thousand ages [yuga] taken together form the duration of Brahmā’s one day. And such also is the duration of his night. , 위키데이터 Q854700

외부 링크

베다 시간 체계: 유가

[8] The general word "yuga" is sometimes used instead of the more specific word "catur-yuga". A kalpa is described as lasting 1,000 catur-yuga in Bhagavata Purana 12.4.2 ("catur-yuga")^[6] and Bhagavad Gita 8.17 ("yuga").^[7]

[Dictionary.com_yuga-1] 가 ^나 “Yuga”. 《Dictionary.com》. 랜덤하우스.

[2] Sundarraj, M. (1997) [1st ed. 1994]. 〈Ch. 4 Asvins⁠—Time-Keepers〉. Mahalingam, N. 《RG Vedic Studies》. Coimbatore: Rukmani Offset Press. 219쪽. It is quite clear that the smallest unit was the 'nimisah' ['winking of eyes'], and that time in the general sense of past, present and future was indicated by the word 'yuga'.

[3] “Kalivarjya (actions forbidden in the Kali Age)”. 《Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society》 (The Asiatic Society of Bombay) 12: 1–2. September 1936. The word yuga occurs at least thirty-eight times in the Rigveda, but the meaning is rather doubtful. In a few places yuga means yoke ... In many places it appears to refer to a very brief period ... Generally yuga appears to mean in the Rigveda 'generation' (lessening the life of human generations) ... In other places 'yuga' must be given the sense of a 'long period of time' ...

[4] . Brill Publishers. |제목=이(가) 없거나 비었음 (도움말)

[5] Burgess, Rev. Ebenezer (1935) [1st ed. 1860]. Gangooly, Phanindralal, 편집. 《Translation of the Surya-Siddhanta, A Text-Book of Hindu Astronomy; With notes and an appendix》. University of Calcutta. 9쪽. The period of 4,320,000 years is ordinarily styled Great Age (mahayuga), or, as above in two instances [1.15-16], Quadruple Age (caturyuga). In the Surya-Siddhanta, however, the former term is not once found, and the latter occurs only in these verses; elsewhere, Age (yuga) alone is employed to denote it, and always denotes it, unless expressly limited by the name of the Golden (krta) Age.

[6] “Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam (Bhāgavata Purāṇa) 12.4.2”. 《Bhaktivedanta Vedabase》. 2020년 5월 10일에 확인함.
catur-yuga-sahasraṁ tu brahmaṇo dinam ucyate ।
sa kalpo yatra manavaś caturdaśa viśām-pate ॥ 2 ॥
(2) One thousand cycles of four ages [catur-yuga] constitute a single day of Brahmā, known as a kalpa. In that period, O King, fourteen Manus come and go.

[7] “Bhagavad-gītā As It Is”, 《Bhaktivedanta Vedabase》 (Bhaktivedanta Book Trust), 1968, LCCN 68008322, 2020년 5월 10일에 확인함,
sahasra-yuga-paryantam ahar yad brahmaṇo viduḥ ।
rātriṁ yuga-sahasrāntāṁ te ’ho-rātra-vido janāḥ ॥ 17 ॥
(17) By human calculation, a thousand ages [yuga] taken together form the duration of Brahmā’s one day. And such also is the duration of his night. , 위키데이터 Q854700

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