Parapsychologia

Parapsychologia (ex vocibus Graecis para 'ad, prope, propter, iuxta' + psychologia), etiam res psi vel adeo phaenomenon psi, est disciplina academica ad psychologiam cognata, a Maximo Dessoir, philosopho, psychologus et theorista aestheticae Germanico circa 1889 nominatum. Nomen a J. B. Rhine in loco nominis investigationis psychicae decennio 194 ascitum est.^[2] Parapsychologi variis rebus ut videntur paranormalibus student, inter quas telepathia, praecognitio, clairvoyance, psychokinesis, experientiae prope mortem, proiectura astralis, reincarnatio, et experientiae apparitionales.

Participes experimenti totius campi, via investigationis quae secundum suasores parapsychologiae indicia telepathiae exhibet.

Fabricatae manium imagines populo gratissimae saeculo undevicensimo erant.

Investigatio parapsychologiae in circa triginta civitates geritur, praecipue in laboratorio et campo per institutiones privatas et universitates.^[3] Unitates privatim pecunia sustentae in partibus psychologiae in universitatibus in Britanniarum Regno hodie sunt inter unitates industriissimas.^[4] In Civitatibus Foederatis, exspectatio investigationis maxime populo decennio 198 grata est, et investigatio in universitatibus condita tum decrevit, quamquam institutiones privatae pecunia ex donis iam accipiunt.^[5] Cum investigationes parapsychologicae in normativis periodicis academicis aliquando apparerent, plurimum investigationum recentium in paucis periodicis aedicularibus profertur.^[6] Inter periodica academica quae parapsychologiam tractant sunt Journal of Parapsychology, Journal of Near-Death Studies, Journal of Consciousness Studies, Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, et Journal of Scientific Exploration.

Critici arguunt menda methodologica manifestas res prosperas explanare posse,^[7] unde scientificus parapsychologiae status strenue disputatus est.^[8] Multi scientistae hanc habent disciplinam scientiam falsam, dicentes parapsychologos perseverare etiamsi ei certissima facultatum psychicarum indicia plus quam centum annos indagationis non iam demonstraverunt.^[9]^[10]^[11]

Nexus interni

Notae

↑ Arthur S. Berger et Joyce Berger, The Encyclopedia of Parapsychology and Psychical Research (Paragon House Publishers, 1991). ISBN 1557780439.
↑ Melton, J. G. (1996). Parapsychology. In Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology. Thomson Gale. ISBN 9780810394872 .
↑ "Koestler Parapsychology Unit". University of Edinburgh .
↑ Lucy Odling-Smee, "The lab that asked the wrong questions," Nature, 446(7131):10–11 (1 Martii 2007), PMID 17330012, doi:10.1038/446010a, Textus. bibcode: 2007Natur.446...10O.
↑ "The status of paranormal research in the United States is now at an all-time low, after a relative surge of interest in the 1970s. Money continues to pour from philanthropic sources to private institutions, but any chance of credibility depends on ties with universities, and only a trickle of research now persists in university labs" (Odling-Smee 2007).
↑ "But parapsychologists are still limited to publishing in a small number of niche journals" (Odling-Smee 2007).
↑ Hyman, R.. "Parapsychological research: A tutorial review and critical appraisal" .
↑ Flew, Antony (1982). "Parapsychology: Science or Pseudoscience?". In Grim, Patrick. Philosophy of Science and the Occult .
↑ Cordón, Luis A. (2005). Popular psychology: an encyclopedia. Westport Connecticutae: Greenwood Press. p. 182. ISBN 0313324573
↑ Bunge, Mario (1991). "A skeptic's beliefs and disbeliefs". New Ideas in Psychology 9 (2): 131–149 .
↑ Blitz, David (1991). "The line of demarcation between science and nonscience: The case of psychoanalysis and parapsychology". New Ideas in Psychology 9 (2): 163–170 .

Bibliographia

Bender, Hans. 1974. Parapsychologie: Entwicklung, Ergebnisse, Probleme. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. ISBN 3534006283.
Berger, Arthur S., et Joyce Berger. 1991. The Encyclopedia of Parapsychology and Psychical Research. Paragon House Publishers. ISBN 1557780439.
Broughton, Richard S. 1992. Parapsychology. Ballantine Books ISBN 0345379586.
Henry, Jane. 2005. Parapsychology: research on exceptional experiences Routledge.
Holzer, Hans. 2003. The Supernatural: Explaining the Unexplained. Franklin Lakes Novae Caesareae: New Page Books.
Houran, James. 2001. Hauntings and Poltergeists: Multidisciplinary Perspectives. McFarland & Company. ISBN 0786409843.
Irwin, Harvey J., et Caroline A. Watt. 2007. An Introduction to Parapsychology. McFarland & Company. ISBN 9780786430598.
Marks, David. 1982. The Psychology of the Psychic. Ed. 2a. Novi Eboraci: Prometheus Books. ISBN 1573927988.
Radin, Dean. 2001. The Conscious Universe: The Scientific Truth of Psychic Phenomena. Harper.
Radin, Dean. 2006. Entangled Minds: Extrasensory Experiences in a Quantum Reality. Paraview Pocket Books. ISBN 9781416516774.
Randi, James. 1982. Flim-Flam! Psychics, ESP, Unicorns, and Other Delusions. Prometheus Books. ISBN 0345409469.
Randi, James, et Arthur C. Clarke. 1997. An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural. St. Martin's Griffin. ISBN 0312151195.
Roth, Remo F. 2011. Return of the World Soul: Wolfgang Pauli, C.G. Jung and the Challenge of Psychophysical Reality. Pari Publishing. ISBN 9788895604121.
Sagan, Carl, et Anne Druyan. 1997. The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark. Ballantine Books. ISBN 0345409469
Shepard, Leslie. 2000. Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology. Thomson Gale. ISBN 9780810385702.
Thalbourne, Michael A., et Lance Storm. 2005. Parapsychology in the twenty-first century: essays on the future of psychical research, McFarland.
Wiseman, Richard, et Caroline A. Watt. 2005. Parapsychology. International Library of Psychology. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 9780754624509.

Nexus externi

Committee for Skeptical Inquiry, scicop.org
Consociatio Parapsychologicalam www.parapsych.org
Institutum Scientiarum Noeticarum www.noetic.org
Locus Investigationis Rhinensis, www.rhine.org
Multi commentarii de parapsychologia, findarticles.com
Pars studiorum perceptionis, www.medicine.virginia.edu (University of Virginia School of Medicine)
Societas Investigationis Psychicae, www.spr.ac.uk
Societas Fundata Educationalis Iacobi Randi, www.randi.org
Parapsychologia apud Open Directory Project

[Berger-1] Arthur S. Berger et Joyce Berger, The Encyclopedia of Parapsychology and Psychical Research (Paragon House Publishers, 1991). ISBN 1557780439.

[Melton-2] Melton, J. G. (1996). Parapsychology. In Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology. Thomson Gale. ISBN 9780810394872 .

[3] "Koestler Parapsychology Unit". University of Edinburgh .

[Odling-Smee2007-4] Lucy Odling-Smee, "The lab that asked the wrong questions," Nature, 446(7131):10–11 (1 Martii 2007), PMID 17330012, doi:10.1038/446010a, Textus. bibcode: 2007Natur.446...10O.

[5] "The status of paranormal research in the United States is now at an all-time low, after a relative surge of interest in the 1970s. Money continues to pour from philanthropic sources to private institutions, but any chance of credibility depends on ties with universities, and only a trickle of research now persists in university labs" (Odling-Smee 2007).

[6] "But parapsychologists are still limited to publishing in a small number of niche journals" (Odling-Smee 2007).

[prtr-7] Hyman, R.. "Parapsychological research: A tutorial review and critical appraisal" .

[8] Flew, Antony (1982). "Parapsychology: Science or Pseudoscience?". In Grim, Patrick. Philosophy of Science and the Occult .

[Cordón-9] Cordón, Luis A. (2005). Popular psychology: an encyclopedia. Westport Connecticutae: Greenwood Press. p. 182. ISBN 0313324573

[10] Bunge, Mario (1991). "A skeptic's beliefs and disbeliefs". New Ideas in Psychology 9 (2): 131–149 .

[11] Blitz, David (1991). "The line of demarcation between science and nonscience: The case of psychoanalysis and parapsychology". New Ideas in Psychology 9 (2): 163–170 .

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