Glossina

Glossina est genus magnorum dipterorum quae multas Africae tropicae regiones habitant.^[1]^[2]^[3] Omnes huius generis greges specierum inter Glossinidas, suam familiam propriam, digeruntur. Glossinae sunt parasiti obligati qui solum vertebratorum sanguine vescuntur. Late investigantur propter partes in morbis transmittendis quas agunt. Oeconomiam Africae Subsaharianae maxime afficiunt vectores biologici trypanosomatidas, quae morbum soporiferum humanum et trypanosomiasim animalium efficiunt. Glossinae multivoltinae sunt et diu vivunt, plerumque circa quattuor feturas quotannis gignentes, et omnino usque ad triginta unam.^[4]

Glossina sp.

Animalia — Arthropoda

Classis : Insecta
Superordo : Panorpida
Ordo : Diptera
Superfamilia : Hippoboscoidea
Familia : Glossinidae
Theobald, 1903
Genus : Glossina
Wiedermann 1830

Palaeontologia

245–0 m.a.: Triassico medio > Recens

Glossinae ab aliis dipteris magnis duabus proprietates facillime visis distingui possunt. Glossinae requiescentes alas omnino plicant, ut alia ala recte in aliam super abdomen quiescat. Eis quoque est proboscis longa, quae recte porro extenditur et distincto bulbo sub imo capite adligatur.

Glossinae fossilizatae effossae sunt ex Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument in Colorato,^[4] abhinc annorum 34 milliones depositis.^[5] Viginti tres species exstantes in Africa descriptae sunt.

Glossinae in multis Africae Austrinae et Orientalis regionibus usque tempora coloniarum Europaearum aberant. Morbillivirus, anno 1887 fortuito introductus, plurimos boves in his regionibus Africae necavit, et fames eveniens multos homines expulsit.

Species

Genus Glossina usitate in tres specierum greges diffinditur secundum proprietates distributionis, morum, molecularum, et morphologiae. In genus digeruntur:

Diptera savanensia (subgenus Morsitans, olim Glossina appellata):
- Glossina austeni (Newstead, 1912)
- Glossina morsitans Westwood, 1851
- Glossina pallidipes (Austen, 1903)
- Glossina swynnertoni (Austen, 1923)
Diptera silvestria (subgenus Fusca, olim Austenia appellata):
- Glossina fusca fusca (Walker, 1849)
- Glossina fuscipleuris (Austen, 1911)
- Glossina frezili (Gouteux, 1987)^[6]
- Glossina haningtoni (Newstead and Evans, 1922)
- Glossina longipennis (Corti, 1895)
- Glossina medicorum (Austen, 1911)
- Glossina nashi (Potts,1955)
- Glossina nigrofusca nigrofusca (Newstead, 1911)
- Glossina severini (Newstead, 1913)
- Glossina schwetzi (Newstead and Evans, 1921)
- Glossina tabaniformis Westwood, 1850
- Glossina vanhoofi (Henrard, 1952)
Diptera fluviatilia et lacustrina (subgenus Palpalis, olim Nemorhina appellata):
- Glossina caliginea (Austen, 1911)
- Glossina fuscipes (Newstead, 1911)
  - Glossina fuscipes fuscipes (Newstead, 1911)
  - Glossina fuscipes martinii (Zumpt, 1935)
  - Glossina fuscipes quanzensis (Pires, 1948)
- Glossina pallicera pallicera (Bigot, 1891)
- Glossina pallicera newsteadi (Austen, 1929)
- Glossina palpalis palpalis (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830)
- Glossina palpalis gambiensis (Vanderplank, 1911)
- Glossina tachinoides Westwood, 1850

Notae

↑ Rogers, D. J.; Hay, S. I.; Packer, M. J. (1996). "Predicting the distribution of tsetse flies in West Africa using temporal Fourier-processed meteorological satellite data". Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 90 (3): 225–241 .
↑ Farrar, Jeremy; Hotez, Peter; Junghanss, Thomas; Kang, Gagandeep; Lalloo, David; White, Nicholas J. (2013). Manson's Tropical Diseases (23 ed.). Philadelphiae: Saunders. p. 607. ISBN 978-0702051012 .
↑ M. Service, ed. (2001). Encyclopedia of Arthropod-Transmitted Infections of Man and Domesticated Animals. Novi Eboraci: Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International. ISBN 9780851994734 .
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Cockerell, T. D. A. (1917). "A fossil tsetse fly and other Diptera from Florissant, Colorado". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 30: 19–22 .
↑ Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument: Explore The World of Florissant Paleontology. https://web.archive.org/web/20150225070400/http://planning.nps.gov/flfo/
↑ Gouteux 1987.

Bibliographia

Buxton, P. 1955. The Natural History of Tsetse Flies: An Account of the Biology of the Genus Glossina (Diptera). Londinii: H. K. Lewis & Co.
Ford, J. 1971. The Role of the Trypanosomiases in African Ecology. Oxoniae: Clarendon Press.
Gerster, George. 1986. "Tsetse." National Geographic 170, no. 6 (December): 814–33. ISSN 0027-9358. OCLC 643483454.
Glasgow, J. 1963. The Distribution and Abundance of Tsetse. International Series of Monographs on Pure and Applied Biology, 20. Oxoniae: Pergamon Press.
Gouteux, J. P. 1987. "Une nouvelle glossine du Congo: Glossina (Austenina) frezili sp. nov. (Diptera: Glossinidae)." Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 38 (2): 97–100. PMID 3629143.
Leak, S. 1998. Tsetse Biology and Ecology: Their role in the Epidemiology and Control of Trypanosomiasis. Novi Eboraci: CAB International Publishing. Editio interretialis.
Maudlin, I., P. H. Holmes, et M. A. Miles. 2004. The Trypanosomiases. Novi Eboraci: CAB International.
McKelvey, J., Jr. 1973. Man Against Tsetse: Struggle for Africa. Ithacae Novi Eboraci Cornell University Press.
Mulligan, H., et W. Potts. 1970. The African Trypanosomiases. Londinii: George Allen and Unwin.

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Glossinidas spectant (Glossinidae, Glossina).

Vide "Glossinidas" apud Vicispecies.

[1] Rogers, D. J.; Hay, S. I.; Packer, M. J. (1996). "Predicting the distribution of tsetse flies in West Africa using temporal Fourier-processed meteorological satellite data". Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 90 (3): 225–241 .

[Manson-2] Farrar, Jeremy; Hotez, Peter; Junghanss, Thomas; Kang, Gagandeep; Lalloo, David; White, Nicholas J. (2013). Manson's Tropical Diseases (23 ed.). Philadelphiae: Saunders. p. 607. ISBN 978-0702051012 .

[CABI-3] M. Service, ed. (2001). Encyclopedia of Arthropod-Transmitted Infections of Man and Domesticated Animals. Novi Eboraci: Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International. ISBN 9780851994734 .

[cockerell-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Cockerell, T. D. A. (1917). "A fossil tsetse fly and other Diptera from Florissant, Colorado". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 30: 19–22 .

[5] Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument: Explore The World of Florissant Paleontology. https://web.archive.org/web/20150225070400/http://planning.nps.gov/flfo/

[6] Gouteux 1987.

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