Дапамога:Уласьцівасьці
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Уласцівасьць апісвае значэньне зьвестак сьцьверджаньня і можа разглядацца як катэгорыя зьвестак, напрыклад „колер“ для значэньня зьвестак „сіні“. Уласьцівасьці ў пары з значэньнямі складаюць сьцьверджаньні ў ВікіЗьвестках. Таксама ўласьцівасьці выкарыстоўваюцца ў кваліфікатарах.
Wikidata currently has 12 314 properties.
Уласьцівасьці маюць свае ўласныя старонкі ў ВікіЗьвестках і злучаныя з элемэнтамі, што ў выніку ўтварае зьвязаную структуру зьвестак.
Разуменьне ўласьцівасьцей
Уласьцівасьці падобныя да элемэнтаў ў некалькіх спосабах. Як і элемэнты, кожная ўласьцівасьць мае метку, апісаньне і нават сынонім ці сынонімы, якія можна дадаваць рознымі мовамі. Таксама ўласьцівасьці маюць сьцьверджаньні, якія дапамагаюць больш поўна апісаць уласьцівасьць, уключаючы абмежаваньні датычна выкарыстаньня ўласьцівасьці.
| Метка | Апісаньне | Сынонім |
|---|---|---|
| occupation | occupation of a person | profession; job; work; career |
| занятак | род дзейнасьці асобы | прафэсія; род дзейнасьці |
| zajęcie | zawód osoby, zobacz także "dziedzina" | praca; profesja; zawód |
Аднак уласьцівасьці ня маюць на сваіх старонках разьдзелу для спасылак на сайты іншых праектаў Вікімэдыі і ня маюць вонкавых ідэнтыфікатараў.
Кожная ўласьцівасьць мае так званы тып зьвестак, які вызначае від значэньняў, дазволены ў сьцьверджаньнях з гэтай уласьцівасьцю.
Properties aim to relate one type of entity with another type. The type of item a property should be used on is called its domain (Q112036279) and can be enforced using a subject type constraint (Q21503250). If the data type of an item is an Item, than the type of item that should be the value of the property is called is range (Q112036270) and can be enforced using a value-type constraint (Q21510865). If the data type is not an Item, the type of a value a property has can be specified with class of non-item property value (P10726).
Як і элемэнты, уласьцівасьці таксама маюць унікальны ідэнтыфікатар. Элемэнты пачынаюцца з прэфіксу Q і знаходзяцца ў асноўнай прасторы ВікіЗьвестак, а ўласьцівасьці маюць прэфікс P і захоўваюцца ў прасторы назваў уласьцівасьцей.
Пошук уласьцівасьцей
Properties can be suggested at respective classes using properties for this type (P1963). E.g. organization (Q43229) will list all properties relevant to any organization.
See Statistics for additional summaries of existing properties.
Пошук
Several external tools exist to list properties, for instance:
Сьпісы
- Special:AllPages/Property: (List by alphabetically sorted number)
- Special:ListProperties + Get a list of properties by data type
- Wikidata:List of properties
- Wikidata:Database reports/List of properties/Top100
- Wikidata:Database reports/List of properties/all
- Template:Property lists
Стварэньне ўласьцівасьцей
Before a new property is created, it has to be discussed and documented at Wikidata:Property proposal first. When after some time there are some supporters, but no or very few opponents, the property is created by a property creator or an administrator (see List of property creators). After creation, relevant documentation is moved to the corresponding property's talk page, where usage of the property is further discussed.
When proposing properties, keep in mind that each property should be expected to be used by at least 100 items; if a proposed property cannot be used this many times, it likely should not be added to Wikidata (of course, there are exceptions to this rule).
To propose a property, click here and choose a topic category. Click the blue button "Create request page" and then fill out the provided template with as much information as possible. Make sure to include a possible property name in English (this will be the label), a description, the data type, examples of the type of item that may bear the property, and an example of how the property would be used. Don't worry about getting everything right the first time; that's what the discussion process is for.
If you are interested in being involved at the property proposal level for a specific subject matter, consider joining or creating a WikiProject, a group of contributors who want to work together to improve a particular aspect of Wikidata. These groups often focus on how to best represent the data for a particular area of knowledge.
For more information on the property creator role, see Wikidata:Property creators#Requesting this right. To request the userright, visit Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Other rights#Property creator.
Рэдагаваньне ўласьцівасьцей
 | Папярэджаньне: You need to be confirmed or autoconfirmed to edit properties. |
Property entities can be edited like item entities with labels, descriptions, aliases, and statements.
Property labels should be as unambiguous as possible so that it is clear to a user which property is the correct one to use when editing items and adding statements. Properties rarely refer to commonly known concepts but they are more constructs of the Wikidata with specific meanings. Unlike items, property labels must be unique.
Property descriptions are less relevant for disambiguation but they should provide enough information about the scope and context of the property so that users understand appropriate usage of the property without having to consult additional help.
Property aliases should include all alternative ways of referring to the property.
Example:
- property: P161
- label: cast member
- description: actor performing live for a camera or audience
- aliases: film starring; actor; actress; starring
Label, description, and aliases of a property are first discussed by the community during the property proposal process. Major changes to a property should be discussed on its talk page first.
See Help:Data_type#Changing_datatype for changing the datatype of a property.
Выдаленьне ўласьцівасьцей
Калі вы лічыце, што ўласьцівасьць варта выдаліць зь ВікіЗьвестак (напрыклад, калі яна дублюе іншую выкарыстоўваную ўласьцівасьць), то давядзецца падаць запыт на ейнае выдаленьне. Дзеля гэтага выканайце пералічаныя на ВікіЗьвесткі:Уласьцівасьці да выдаленьня крокі.
Выкарыстаньне ўласьцівасьцей
Wikidata relies on consistency. For instance, all persons should have common properties whenever possible, whether they are politicians, artists or scientists, living or historical, fictional or not. If you are unsure whether the property you are using is most appropriate for the statement, consult the property's discussion page or ask on Wikidata:Project chat. An automatically generated list of properties currently supported by Wikidata can be found at here. Community-maintained lists can also be found at Wikidata:List of properties.
Абмежаваньні ўласьцівасьцей
Двухбаковыя сувязі і герархіі
Wikidata does not support automatic bidirectional links (phabricator:T51165), so some properties need to be added and maintained twice. If, for example, A is a child of B on A's item page, the relation B as the parent of A also needs to be maintained on B's item page.
In general, only simple hierarchical properties should be recorded as statements. For example, record properties like child (P40)–father (P22) and/or mother (P25), but not properties like grandchild–grandparent, niece–aunt, niece–uncle, etc. Such additional relationships can be derived from the existing data.
Property misuse
Every Wikidata property is intended for a specific purpose. When a Wikidata property is used in a way that goes against the consensus of how the property is meant to be used, we speak of property misuse. Wikidata attempts to combat property misuse with property constraints and entity schemas. If a property is misused because there doesn't exist any good alternative property, a new property may be proposed.
Часта выкарыстоўваныя ўласьцівасьці
Please see Help:Frequently used properties for guidelines and examples of using properties related to scientific taxonomies, administrative divisions, sources, Wikimedia Commons files, and more.
Глядзіце таксама
For related Help pages, see:
- Help:Frequently used properties, for help with using specific properties
- Help:Basic membership properties, detailed explanation of three important properties: instance of (P31), subclass of (P279) and part of (P361)
- Wikidata:List of properties, community-maintained lists of Wikidata properties - Special:AllPages/Property:, a special page showing all properties
- Help:Statements, which explains what statements are and what rules they follow
- Help:Qualifiers, which explains what qualifiers are and what rules they follow
- Help:Items, which explains what items are and what rules they follow
- Wikidata:Property proposal, to discuss new properties before they are created - Wikidata:Properties for deletion to nominate properties for deletion
- Wikidata:Property creators, for users granted the technical ability to create properties
- Wikidata:WikiProjects, a list of users who work together to improve representation and coverage of a specific topic or domain
- Wikidata:Relation between properties in RDF and in Wikidata
- Wikidata:WikiProject Ontology
- Wikidata:Identifiers for identifiers in Wikidata in general and identifier properties in particular
- Wikidata:WikiProject Properties
- MediaWiki:Wikibase-SortedProperties controls the order in which properties are presented on an item
For additional information and guidance, see:
- Чат праекту — для абмеркаваньня ўсемагчымых аспэктаў Вікізьвестак
- Wikidata:Glossary — слоўнік тэрмінаў, выкарыстаных на гэтай ды іншых старонках дапамогі
- Help:FAQ — частыя пытаньні, на якія адказвае супольнасьць Вікізьвестак
- Help:Contents — партал дапамогі з усёй магчымай дакумэнтацыяй па Вікізьвестках