Hearing, also known as the auditory sense, was the ability to sense sound with one's ears. Contrarily, deafness was the lack of a sense of hearing.
Elderly Humans could sometimes develop difficulty hearing, but with proper medical treatment, this was preventable. (TOS: "The Deadly Years", VOY: "Endgame")
In his poem "Ode to Spot", Data observed that Spot's auditory sense, along with his visual sense and his olfactory sense, contributed to his hunting skills and natural defenses. (TNG: "Schisms")
When Julian Bashir heard a sound within his comatose hallucination but Elim Garak could not, the latter speculated that Humans had better hearing than Cardassians. (DS9: "Distant Voices")
When three elderly Drayans noticed that Tuvok had pointed-ears, Elani asked him if they improved his hearing. He responded in the negative. (VOY: "Innocence")
Ferengi, due to their large ears, had a very acute sense of hearing, and thus could find loud sounds irritating. (DS9: "Crossfire", "Profit and Lace")
According to a deleted scene from DIS: "Su'Kal", Bajorans had better hearing than Humans.