Prey or quarry or the hunted was a status within species maps. They were defined by being hunted by another, a predator.
The Kelpiens were an example of a sentient prey species. (DIS: "The Vulcan Hello")
The Tosk were bred as prey for the Hunters. (DS9: "Captive Pursuit")
The Hirogens considered members of most other sentient species prey and engaged in hunting them. (VOY: "The Killing Game")