Vladimir Putin
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Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (/ˈpuːtɪn/; Rusia: Владимир Владимирович Путин, lahia di Leningrad, Uni Soviet, 7 Oktober 1952; umua 72 taun).[1][2] adolah saurang politikus jo pamimpin tanamo Rusia, inyo kini manjabat sabagai Presiden Rusia. Inyo marupokan presiden dengan maso jabatan talamo kaduo di Eropa sasudah Alexaner Lukashenko nan marupoan Presiden Belarus.
Putin alah manjadi Presiden Rusia sajak 7 Mei 2012. Putin sabalumnyo manjadi Pardano Mantari dari 1999 sampai 2000, Presiden dari taun 2000 sampai 2008, dan baliak manjadi Pardano Mantari dari 2008 sampai 2012.[3] Pado maso jabatan kaduonyo sabagai Perdana Menteri, inyo manjadi Katua Partai Rusia Bersatu, sabuah partai pamarentah.[4]
Putin baraja bahaso Jerman di SMA Saint Petersburg 281 hinggo dapek mangecek dalam bahaso Jerman.[5][6] Putin baraja hukum di Univesitas Negeri Saint Petersburg pado 1970, jo luluih pado 1975.[7]
Putin manjadi pajabat intelijensi asing KGB salamo 16 taun, naiak pangkek manjadi Letnan Kolonel sabalum pensiun pado 1991 untuak masuak politik di kampuang halamannyo Saint Petersburg. Inyo bapindah ka Moskwa pado 1996 dan bagabuang jo pamarentahan Presiden Boris Yeltsin, inyo capek mandapek babagai jabatan dan manjadi Pelaksana Jabatan pado 31 Desember 1999, katiko Yeltsin mangunduran diri. Putin mamanangan pamilihan presidern taun 2000 jo parolehan suaro sabanyak 52% sampai 30%, mangalahan lawannyo dari Partai Komunis, Gennady Zyuganov.[8] Inyo tapiliah baliak manjadi Presiden pado 2004 jo parolehan suaro sabanyak 72%.
Karano sacaro konstitusional mamandatan bateh-bateh maso jabatan, Putin indak maju untuak maso jabatan presiden baturuik-turuik pado 2008. Pamilihan presiden 2008 dimanangkan dek Dmitry Medvedev, yang malantiak Putin manjadi Pardano Mantari, manilai sabuah periode nan disabuik "tandemokrasi".[9] Pado September 2011, sasudah maso jabatan presiden balangsuang dari ampek sampai anam taun,[10] Putin mangumuman bahwa inyo akan siap untuak maso jabatannyo sabagai Presiden. Inyo mamanangan pamilihan presiden Maret 2012 jo 64% suaro, sabuah hasil nan sasuai jo jajak pandapek pra-pamilihan.[11]
Pado maso jabatan kepresidenan partamo Putin, ekonomi Rusia batumbuah salamo dalapan taun, dan GDP nan diukua dalam kamampuan balanjo maningkek 72%.[12][13][14] Patumbuahan tasabuik marupokan sabuah hasil dari bom komoditas 2000-an, naiaknyo harago minyak, jo dikaluannyo kabijakan ekonomi dan fiskal.[15][16] Ekonomi mulai taraso sulik jo kadatangan krisis ekonomi dunia 2008-2009,[17] nan manurunan harago minyak, sanksi nagari-nagari Barat nan diagiah pado pamulaan 2014 sasudah aneksasi Krimea dek Rusia, jo intervensi militer di Ukraina Timur jo GDP turun 3.7% pado 2015.[12][18][19][20]
Putin mandapekan tingkek pasatujuan domestik jo asing nan sangek tinggi sapanjang karirnyo. Pado 2007, inyo diangkek manjadi Tokoh Taun iko dek Majalah Time.[21] Pado 2015, inyo manampekan posisi #1 untuak Daftar Tokoh Paliang Bapangaruah manuruik Majalah Time.[22] Pado 2013, 2014, dan 2015, inyo manampati urutan partamo di Daftar Tokoh Paliang Bapangaruah di Dunia manuruik Forbes.[23]
Citra Publik
suntiangJajak pandapek jo paringkek
suntiangnuruik survei opini masyarakaik Juni 2007, paringkek pasatujuan Putin iolah 81%, tatinggi kaduo dari pamimpin dimano juo di dunia sangkek taun itu.[] Pado Januari 2013, pado saat protes Rusia 2011-2013, paringkek pasatujuan Putin turun manjadi 62%, angko tarandah sajak 2000 jo panurunan sapuluah poin salamo duo taun.[] Pado Mei 2014, sasudah revolusi Ukraina 2014 jo aneksasi Krimea, paringkek pasatujuan Putin alah puliah baliak manjadi 85,9% tatinggi dalam anam taun.[] Sasudah sanksi Uni Eropa jo AS ka panjabek Rusia sabagai akibek dari karusuahan pro-Rusia 2014 di Ukraina, paringkek pasatujuan Putin mancapai 87%, manuruik survei Levada Center nan ditabikan pado 6 Agustus 2014.[][] Pado Februari 2015, badasaran jajak pandapek domestik baru, Putin mandapek paringkek politisi paliang populer di dunia.[]
Citra pribadi
suntiangtin mamupuak citra publik sabagai pajantan tangguh di lua ruangan, sporty, jo macho, manunjuakan kehebatan fisiknyo jo malakuan kagiatan nan indak biaso atau babahayo, sarupo olahraga ekstrem dan interaksi jo hewan liar,[] bagian dari mandakekan hubungan jo masyarakaik, nan manuruik Weird, "sangajo manumbuahan macho, bia nampak bakcando superhero".[] Misalnyo, pado 2007, tabloid Komsomolskaya Pravda manabikan poto gadang Putin batalanjang dado sadang balibur di pagunuangan Siberia jo judul: "Be Like Putin".[] Babarapo kagiatan dikritik karano dipentasan. Di lua Rusia, citra macho-nyo alah manjadi subjek parodi.[][]
Ado banyak lagu tantang Putin.[] Namo jo gambar Putin banyak digunoan dalam iklan jo merek produk.[] Diantaro produk bamerek Putin yakni vodka Putinka, merek makanan kalen Putin, kaviar Gorbusha Putina, jo koleksi kaos jo gambarnyo.[] Pado 2015, panasihatnyo ditamuan tewas sasudah bahari-hari maminum alkohol sacaro balabiahan, maskipun sasudahnyo dinyatoan sabagai kacalakaan.[] i a
Lanjuik Mambaco
suntiang- Putin: His Downfall and Russia's Coming Crash. St. Martin's Press. 27 Desember 2017. ISBN 978-0-312-53808-8.
- Arutunyan, Anna (2015). The Putin Mystique: Inside Russia's Power Cult. Northampton, MA: Olive Branch Press. ISBN 978-1-56656-990-3. OCLC 881654740. https://books.google.com/books?id=d-DDAgAAQBAJ.
- Asmus, Ronald (2010). A Little War that Shook the World: Georgia, Russia, and the Future of the West. NYU. ISBN 978-0-230-61773-5The time allocated for running scripts has expired..
- Frye, Timothy. 2021. Weak Strongman: The Limits of Power in Putin's Russia. Princeton University Press.
- Gessen, Masha (2012). The Man Without a Face: The Unlikely Rise of Vladimir Putin. London: Granta. ISBN 978-1-84708-149-0The time allocated for running scripts has expired..
- Judah, Ben (2015). Fragile Empire: How Russia Fell in and Out of Love with Vladimir Putin. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-20522-0.
- Lipman, Maria. "How Putin Silences Dissent: Inside the Kremlin's Crackdown." Foreign Affairs 95#1 (2016): 38+.
- Myers, Steven Lee. The New Tsar: The Rise and Reign of Vladimir Putin (2015).
- Naylor, Aliide. The Shadow in the East: Vladimir Putin and the New Baltic Front (I.B. Tauris, 2020), 256 pp.
- Rosefielde, Steven. Putin's Russia: Economy, Defence and Foreign Policy (2020) excerpt
- Sakwa, Richard. The Putin Paradox (Bloomsbury, 2020) online.
- Sakwa, Richard. Putin Redux: Power and Contradiction in Contemporary Russia (2014). online review
- Sperling, Valerie. Sex, Politics, & Putin: Political Legitimacy in Russia (Oxford UP, 2015). 360 pp.
- Stoner, Kathryn E. 2021. Russia Resurrected: Its Power and Purpose in a New Global Order. Oxford University Press.
- Toal, Gerard. Near Abroad: Putin, the West, and the Contest Over Ukraine and the Caucasus (Oxford UP, 2017).
Rujuakan
suntiang- ↑ The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- ↑ The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- ↑ "Vladimir Putin's Presidential Inauguration Ceremony in the Kremlin". YouTube.com. 7 May 2012. Diakses tanggal 23 June 2016.
- ↑ "Kremlin Biography of Mr. Vladimir Putin". Diakses tanggal 16 June 2016.
- ↑ "Putin Dazzles With German Language Skills". Russia Today. 8 April 2016. Diakses tanggal 16 April 2016.
- ↑ "5 Times Putin Used Foreign Languages for Diplomacy". Russia Today. 9 April 2016. Diakses tanggal 16 June 2016.
- ↑ Hoffman, David (30 January 2000). "Putin's Career Rooted in Russia's KGB". The Washington Post.
- ↑ Paddock, Richard. "Putin Rolls to Victory, Avoiding a Runoff", Los Angeles Times (27 March 2000).
- ↑ Hale, Henry E.; Timothy J. Colton (8 September 2009). "Russians and the Putin-Medvedev "Tandemocracy": A Survey-Based Portrait of the 2007–08 Election Season" The time allocated for running scripts has expired. (PDF). The National Council for Eurasian and East European Research. Seattle, WA: University of Washington. Diakses tanggal 15 March 2012.
- ↑ Vasilyeva, Natallya. "Putin claims to support term limits as he readies to take helm for 3rd time", China Post (12 April 2012).
- ↑ Shuster, Simon. "In Russia, an Election Victory for Putin and Then a 'Paid Flash Mob'" The time allocated for running scripts has expired., Time (5 Maret 2012).
- ↑ a b Guriev, Sergei; Tsyvinski, Aleh (2010). "Challenges Facing the Russian Economy after the Crisis". Dalam Anders Åslund, Sergei Guriev, Andrew C. Kuchins. Russia After the Global Economic Crisis. Peterson Institute for International Economics; Centre for Strategic and International Studies; New Economic School. hlm. 12–13. ISBN 9780881324976.
- ↑ "Russians weigh Putin's protégé". Moscow. Associated Press. 3 May 2008. Diakses tanggal 29 December 2008.
- ↑ of Russia from 1992 to 2007 International Monetary Fund. diakses baliak 12 Mai 2008
- ↑ Putin: Russia's Choice, (Routledge 2007), dek Richard SakwaThe time allocated for running scripts has expired., Chapter 9
- ↑ Fragile Empire: How Russia Fell In and Out of Love with Vladimir Putin, Yale University Press (2013), dek Ben Judah, hal 17
- ↑ "Economic Slowdown Eases in Q3 - Business" The time allocated for running scripts has expired.. The Moscow Times. Diakses tanggal 9 April 2016.
- ↑ "Russians' Average Monthly Salary Falls to $500 as Food Prices Skyrocket - News". The Moscow Times. Diakses tanggal 9 April 2016.
- ↑ Thompson, Mark (26 January 2016). "Russia: One of 10 worst economies in 2015". CNN.
- ↑ "Russian economy in turmoil as Putin is battered by falling oil price and sanctions". Telegraph.co.uk. 25 January 2016. Diakses tanggal 9 April 2016.
- ↑ "Person of the Year 2007". Time. 2007. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-08-24. Diakses tanggal 2009-07-08.
- ↑ Druzhinin, Alexei (14 April 2015). "Vladimir Putin Steals The Show In TIME 100 Magazine Reader's Poll". Russia Today (RT). Diakses tanggal 27 June 2016.
- ↑ "The World's Most Powerful People". Forbes. November 2015. Diakses tanggal 4 November 2015.