दुःख

विविध भाषेत नाव; दुःख
इंग्रजी	suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness, etc.
पाली	दुक्ख
संस्कृत	दुःख
बंगाली	দুঃখ
बर्मी	साचा:My ; (साचा:IPA-my)
चीनी	苦 ; (pinyin: kǔ)
जपानी	苦 ; (rōmaji: ku)
ख्मेर	ទុក្ខ; (Tuk)
कोरियन	苦; (ko)
सिंहला	දුක්ඛ සත්යය
तिबेटी	སྡུག་བསྔལ། ; (Wylie: sdug bsngal; ; THL: dukngal)
थाई	ทุกข์
व्हियेतनामी	khổ / Bất toại
	बौद्ध धर्म

दुक्ख (पाली) किंवा दुःख (संस्कृत) ही महत्त्वाची बौद्ध संकल्पना आहे. दुःखाचा सामान्य अर्थ वा कारणे "वेदना", "असमाधान", "असंतोषपणा" किंवा "ताण" होतो.^[१]^[२]^[३]^[४] हे मौलिक असंतोष (मूलभूत असमाधानकारकता) आणि सांसारिक जीवनाच्या वेदनेला (दर्दनाकता) संदर्भित करते. दुःख हे चार आर्य सत्यातील पहिले आर्यसत्य आहे. हा शब्द मोक्षाच्या (आध्यात्मिक मुक्ती) चर्चेत उपनिषदेसारख्या हिंदू धर्मातील ग्रंथांत आढळतो.^[५]

संदर्भ

^ Malcolm Huxter (2016). Healing the Heart and Mind with Mindfulness: Ancient Path, Present Moment. Routledge. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-317-50540-2., Quote: " dukkha (unsatisfactoriness or suffering) (....) In the Introduction I wrote that dukkha is probably best understood as unsatisfactoriness."
^ Peter Harvey (2015). Steven M. Emmanuel (ed.). A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 26–31. ISBN 978-1-119-14466-3.
^ Carol Anderson (2013). Pain and Its Ending: The Four Noble Truths in the Theravada Buddhist Canon. Routledge. pp. 1, 22 with note 4. ISBN 978-1-136-81332-0., Quote: "(...) the three characteristics of samsara/sankhara (the realm of rebirth): anicca (impermance), dukkha (pain) and anatta (no-self)."
^ https://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn22/sn22.086.than.html
^ Paul Deussen (1980). Sixty Upaniṣads of the Veda, Vol. 1. Motilal Banarsidass (Reprinted). pp. 482–485, 497. ISBN 978-81-208-1468-4.

[1] Malcolm Huxter (2016). Healing the Heart and Mind with Mindfulness: Ancient Path, Present Moment. Routledge. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-317-50540-2., Quote: " dukkha (unsatisfactoriness or suffering) (....) In the Introduction I wrote that dukkha is probably best understood as unsatisfactoriness."

[peterharvey26-2] Peter Harvey (2015). Steven M. Emmanuel (ed.). A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 26–31. ISBN 978-1-119-14466-3.

[3] Carol Anderson (2013). Pain and Its Ending: The Four Noble Truths in the Theravada Buddhist Canon. Routledge. pp. 1, 22 with note 4. ISBN 978-1-136-81332-0., Quote: "(...) the three characteristics of samsara/sankhara (the realm of rebirth): anicca (impermance), dukkha (pain) and anatta (no-self)."

[4] ttps://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn22/sn22.086.than.html

[5] Paul Deussen (1980). Sixty Upaniṣads of the Veda, Vol. 1. Motilal Banarsidass (Reprinted). pp. 482–485, 497. ISBN 978-81-208-1468-4.

[१]

[२]

[३]

[४]

[५]