Penyahnazian
Denazifikasi atau Denazification (Jerman: Entnazifizierung) adalah satu inisiatif Pihak Bersekutu bagi menghapuskan sisa-sisa ideologi Sosialis Nasional (Nazi) daripada masyarakat, budaya, media, ekonomi, kehakiman dan politik di Jerman dan Austria . Ia telah dilaksanakan khusus untuk menyingkirkan mereka yang terlibat dari kedudukan berpengaruh dan untuk membubarkan atau menyebabkan pertubuhan itu tidak mempunyai kuasa keatas mana-mana pihak. Program denazifikasi telah dimulakan selepas berakhirnya Perang Dunia Kedua dan telah diperkukuhkan oleh Perjanjian Potsdam.
Terma denazifikasi buat pertama kali diperkenalkan sebagai istilah undang-undang pada tahun 1943 di Pentagon, bermaksud untuk digunakan dalam erti kata yang sempit dengan merujuk kepada sistem undang-undang Jerman selepas perang. Tidak lama kemudian, ia membawa makna yang lebih umum.[1]
Rujukan
sunting- ^ Taylor, Frederick (2011). Exorcising Hitler: The Occupation and Denazification of Germany. Bloomsbury Publishing. m/s. 253–4. ISBN 978-1408822128.
Bacaan lanjut
sunting- Adam, Thomas (2005). Germany and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History: A Multidisciplinary Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1-85109-628-0.
- Balfour, Michael Leonard Graham (1988). Withstanding Hitler in Germany, 1933–45. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-00617-1.
- Biddiscombe, Perry (2006). The Denazification of Germany 1945–48. The History Press Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7524-2346-3.
- The Department of State (1950). Germany 1947–1949: The Story In Documents. Publication 3556. U.S. Government Printing Office. as published on Questia.com
- Goldhagen, Daniel J. (1997). Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust. Vintage Books. ISBN 0-679-77268-5.
- Hentschel, Klaus (2007). The Mental Aftermath: The Mentality of German Physicists 1945–1949. Ann M. Hentschel as translator. Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-920566-0.
- Janowitz, Morris (September 1946). "German Reactions to Nazi Atrocities". The American Journal of Sociology. The University of Chicago Press. 52 (2): pp 141–146. doi:10.1086/219961. JSTOR 2770938.
|pages=has extra text (bantuan) - Junker, Detlef (2004). The United States and Germany in the Era of the Cold War: A Handbook. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79112-0.
- Lewkowicz, N. The German Question and the Origins of the Cold War (IPOC:Milan) (2008)
- Marcuse, Harold (2001). Legacies of Dachau: The Uses and Abuses of a Concentration Camp, 1933–2001. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-55204-4.
- Merritt, Anna J; Merritt, Richard L; United States. Office of High Commissioner for Germany. Reactions Analysis Staff (1980). Public opinion in semisovereign Germany : the HICOG surveys, 1949–1955. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-00731-X.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- Taylor, Frederick (2011). Exorcising Hitler: The Occupation and Denazification of Germany. Bloomsbury Press. ISBN 978-1-60819-503-9.
Pautan luar
sunting| Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan Penyahnazian |
- Did the United States Create Democracy in Germany? (Analysis on Denazification effect)
- Control Council Directive No. 38 (October 12, 1946) Categories of offenders and sanctions.
- Example of a poster used by U.S. forces to create "collective guilt"
- THE U.S. MILITARY GOVERNMENT AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF DEMOCRATIC REFORM, FEDERALISM, AND CONSTITUTIONALISM DURING THE OCCUPATION OF BAVARIA, 1945–47
- The Denazification of Austria by France
- Denazification, cumulative review. Report, 1 April 1947 – 30 April 1948.
- East Germany did face up to its Nazi past
- East German secret police files highlight role of ex-Nazis in post-war Germany