Bahasa Ge'ez
Bahasa Ge'ez (ግዕዝ, Gəʿəz, IPA: [ɡɨʕɨz]; juga ditransliterasikan sebagai Gi'iz, dan dirujuk sebagai Ethiopik) merupakan satu bahasa Semitik Selatan kuno yang dikembangkan di kawasan yang kini Eritrea dan utara Habsyah di Tanduk Afrika, sebagai bahasa pertanian. Selepas itu bahasa ini menjadi bahasa rasmi Keberajaan Aksum dan Istana Habsyah.
| Rencana ini mengandungi teks Ethiopik. Tanpa rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes or other symbols instead of Ethiopic characters. |
| Bahasa Ge'ez | |
|---|---|
| ግዕዝ Gəʿəz | |
| Sebutan | [ɡɨʕɨz] |
| Asli kepada | Habsyah, Eritrea, dan Israel |
| Pupus | Pupus[1] pada abad ke-13[perlu rujukan], kekal sebagai bahasa liturgi[2] |
Afro-Asia
| |
| Tulisan Ge'ez | |
| Status rasmi | |
Bahasa rasmi di | Bahasa Liturgi bagi Gereja Tewahedo Ortodoks Habsyah, Gereja Tewahdo Ortodoks Eritrea, Gereja Katholik Ethiopik,[2] dan Beta Israel[3] |
| Kod bahasa | |
| ISO 639-2 | gez |
| ISO 639-3 | gez |
Kini Bahasa Ge'ez hanya kekal sebagai bahasa utama yang digunakan dalam liturgi bagi Gereja Tewahedo Ortodoks Habsyah, Gereja Tewahdo Ortodoks Eritrea, Gereja Katholik Ethiopik, dan juga komuniti Yahudi Beta Israel. Namun di Habsyah Bahasa Amhara (lingua franca utama di Habsyah moden) atau bahasa tempatan yang lain, dan di Eritrea dan Kawasan Tigray di Habsyah Bahasa Tigrinya boleh digunakan dalam khutbah.
Sample
suntingThe first sentence of the Book of Enoch:
- ቃለ፡ በረከት፡ ዘሄኖክ፡ ዘከመ፡ ባረከ፡ ኅሩያነ፡ ወጻድቃነ፡ እለ፡ ሀለው፡ ይኩኑ፡
- በዕለተ፡ ምንዳቤ፡ ለአሰስሎ፡ ኲሉ፡ እኩያን፡ ወረሲዓን።
- Ḳāla barakat za-Hēnok zakama bārraka ḫirūyāna waṣādiḳāna ʾila halaw yikūnū
- baʿilata mindābē laʾasaslō kʷīlū ʾikūyān warasīʿān
- "Word of blessing of Henok, wherewith he blessed the chosen and righteous who would be alive in the day of tribulation for the removal of all wrongdoers and backsliders."
Catatan
sunting- ^ [GEE]
- ^ a b "Tidak ladi dalam kegunaan popular, Bahasa Gheez selalu kekal sebagai bahasa Gereja", [CHA]
- ^ "They read the Bible in Geez" (Leaders and Religion of the Falashas); "selepas setiap petikan, dibaca dalam Bahasa Geez, terjemahannya dibaca dalam Bahasa Kailina" (Perayaan). [PER]. Note the publication date of this source.
Rujukan
sunting- [BUD] Budge, E. A. Wallis. 1928. A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia, Oosterhout, the Netherlands: Anthropological Publications, 1970.
- CHA Chain, M. Ethiopia transcribed by: Donahue M. in The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume V. Published 1909. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Nihil Obstat, May 1, 1909. Remy Lafort, Censor. Imprimatur. + John M. Farley, Archbishop of New York
- [DIR] Diringer, David. 1968. The Alphabet, A Key To The History of Mankind.
- GEE The Ge'ez language info card at Ethnologue
- [KOB] Kobishchanov, Yuri M. 1979. Axum in SomeCollectionOfWritings[perlu rujukan], edited by Joseph W. Michels; translated by: Lorraine T. Kapitanoff. University Park, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania. ISBN 0-271-00531-9.
- MAT Matara Aksumite & Pre-Aksumite City Webpage
- [MUN] Munro-Hay Stuart. 1991. Aksum: An African Civilization of Late Antiquity. Edinburgh: University Press. ISBN 0-7486-0106-6.
- [PAN68] Pankhurst, Richard P. K. 1968.An Economic History of Ethiopia, 1800-1935, Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie I University Press.
- PAN03 Pankhurst, Richard P. K. A Glimpse into 16th. Century Ethiopian History Abba 'Enbaqom, Imam Ahmad Ibn Ibrahim, and the "Conquest of Abyssinia". Addis Tribune. November 14, 2003.
- PER Perruchon, J. D. and Gottheil, Richard. Falashas in The Jewish Encyclopidia. 1901-1906.
Bacaan lanjut
suntingTatabahasa
sunting- Aläqa Tayyä, Maṣḥafa sawāsəw. Monkullo: Swedish Mission 1896/7 (= E.C. 1889).
- Chaîne, Marius, Grammaire éthiopienne, Nouvelle édition, Beyrouth: Imprimerie catholique 1938.
- Cohen, Marcel, "la pronunciation traditionelle du Guèze (éthiopien classique)", in: Journal asiatique (1921) Sér. 11 / T. 18 (electronic version in Gallica digital library of the Bibliothèque nationale de France PDF).
- Dillmann, August; Bezold, Carl, Ethiopic Grammar, 2nd edition translated from German by James Crichton, London 1907. ISBN 1-59244-145-9 (2003 reprint). (Published in German: ¹1857, ²1899).
- Gäbrä-Yohannəs Gäbrä-Maryam, Gəss - Mäzgäbä-ḳalat - Gə'əz-ənna Amarəñña; yä-Gə'əz ḳʷanḳʷa mämmariya (A Grammar of Classical Ethiopic). Addis Ababa 2001/2002 (= E.C. 1994)[1][pautan mati kekal]
- Gene Gragg "Ge`ez Phonology," in: Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Vol 1), ed. A. S. Kaye & P. T. Daniels, Eisenbrauns, Winona Lake, Indiana (1997).
- Kidanä Wäld Kəfle, Maṣḥafa sawāsəw wagəss wamazgaba ḳālāt ḥaddis ("A new grammar and dictionary"), Dire Dawa: Artistik Matämiya Bet 1955/6 (E.C. 1948).
- Lambdin, Thomas O., Introduction to Classical Ethiopic, Harvard Semitic Studies 24, Missoula, Mont.: Scholars Press 1978. ISBN 0-89130-263-8.
- Praetorius, Franz, Äthiopische Grammatik, Karlsruhe: Reuther 1886.
- Stefan Weninger, Ge‘ez grammar, Munich, ISBN 3-929075-04-0 (1st edition), ISBN 3-89586-604-0 (2nd revised edition).
- Tropper, Josef, Altäthiopisch: Grammatik der Ge'ez mit Übungstexten und Glossar, Elementa Linguarum Orientis (ELO) 2, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag 2002. ISBN 3-934628-29-X
Sastera
sunting- Taddesse Adera, Ali Jimale Ahmed (eds.), Silence Is Not Golden: A Critical Anthology of Ethiopian Literature, Red Sea Press (1995), ISBN 0-932415-47-4.
- Jon Bonk, Annotated and Classified Bibliography of English Literature Pertaining to the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, Atla Bibliography Series, Scarecrow Pr (1984), ISBN 0-8108-1710-1.
- Dillmann, August, Chrestomathia Aethiopica. Leipzig 1866.
Kamus
sunting- Dillmann, August, Lexicon linguæ Æthiopicæ cum indice Latino, Lipsiae 1865.
- Leslau, Wolf, Comparative Dictionary of Geez (Classical Ethiopic): Geez-English, English-Geez, with an Index of the Semitic Roots, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 1987. ISBN 3-447-02592-1.
- Leslau, Wolf, Concise Dictionary of Ge‘ez (Classical Ethiopic), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 1989. ISBN 3-447-02873-4.
- Ludolf, Hiob, Lexicon Aethiopico-Latinum, Ed. by J. M. Wansleben, London 1661.
- Wemmers, J., Lexicon Aethiopicum, Rome 1638.
Lihat juga
suntingPautan luar
sunting- Ethiopian Languages
- Ethiopian Collections of the British Library
- The role of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church in Literature and Art Diarkibkan 2007-02-23 di Wayback Machine by Adamu Amare and Belaynesh Mikael (1970)
- J. M.Harden, An Introduction to Ethiopic Christian Literature (1926)
- Unicode Chart
- Senamirmir Projects: Free Ethiopic Font (Win32, MacOS, Linux)