Hephaestus
Hephaistos (Yunani: Ἥφαιστος, translit. Hḗphaistos, sebutan Attika: /hɛ̌ː.pʰai̯s.tos/; bahasa Inggeris: Hephaestus) ialah dewa pertukangan, tukang besi, tukang kayu, api, metalurgi, kerja logam, arca dan gunung berapi yang dipuja masyarakat Yunani Purba.[1] Dia diceritakan anak kepada Zeus dan Hera, tetapi dalam sesetengah penceritaan dia dilahirkan oleh Hera dan tidak berbapa. Dia dibuang dari Gunung Olympus sama ada ibunya Hera kerana kakinya yang cacat tempang sejak lahir; ataupun oleh Zeus kerana melindungi Hera daripada godaan Zeus (dan tempang Hephaistos adalah akibat kejatuhan dia).[2][3][4]
| Hephaistos | |
|---|---|
Dewa api, gunung berapi, pertukangan logam, tukang, metalurgi, tukang kayu, tempa, pengukir, dan tukang besi | |
| Ahli 12 Dewa Olympus | |
 Hephaestus di Tempa oleh Guillaume Coustou yang Muda (Louvre) | |
| Tempat tinggal | Gunung Olympus |
| Simbol | tukul, andas, penyepit |
| Maklumat peribadi | |
| Ibu bapa | Zeus dan Hera, atau Hera sahaja |
| Adik-beradik | Ares, Hebe, Eileithyia, dan banyak adik-beradik sebelah bapa |
| Pasangan | Aphrodite (bercerai) Aglaea |
| Zuriat | Thalia, Erichthonius, Eucleia, Eufem, Philophrosyne, Cabeiri dan Euthenia |
| Equivalents | |
| Kesetaraan Rom | Vulcan |
Sebagai dewa penempa, Hephaistos membuat semua senjata para dewa di Olympus. Dia berkhidmat sebagai tukang besi dewa-dewi, dan disembah di pusat-pusat pengeluaran dan perindustrian Yunani, khususnya Athens. Pusat pemujaan Hephaistos berada di Lemnos.[1] Simbol Hephaistos ialah tukul besi, andas dan sepasang penyepit.
Julukan
suntingHephaistos ada banyak julukan. Maksud setiap julukannya ialah:[5]
- Amphigyḗeis sering diterjemahkan sebagai "yang tempang"; harfiahnya "tempang di kedua-dua belah" atau sebagainya. (Ἀμφιγυήεις)
- Kyllopodíōn "cepoh" atau "berkaki mengheret" (Κυλλοποδίων)
- Khalkeús "tukang tembaga" (Χαλκεύς)
- Klytotéhnēs "kimpu yang terkenal" (Κλυτοτέχνης)
- Polýmētis "cerdik, licik" atau "yang banyak peranti" (Πολύμητις)
- Aitnaîos "dari Aitnai" (Αἰτναῖος), kerana bengkelnya kononnya terletak di bawah Gunung Aitna.[6]
- Polýphrōn "cerdik, berdaya cipta" (Πολύφρων)
- Agaklytós "sangat terkenal, gemilang" (Ἀγακλυτός)
- Aithalóeis theós "dewa berjelaga" (Αἰθαλόεις θεός)
Lihat juga
sunting- Vulcanus - dewa seperanan dalam kepercayaan Rumawi Purba
Rujukan
sunting- ^ a b Walter Burkert, Greek Religion 1985: III.2.ii; see coverage of Lemnos-based traditions and legends at Mythic Lemnos
- ^ Graves, Robert (1955). The Greek Myths: 1. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England: Penguin Books. m/s. 51. ISBN 0736621121.
- ^ Homeric Hymn to Apollo 316–321; Homer, Iliad 18.395–405.
- ^ Homer, Iliad 1.590–594; Valerius Flaccus, ii, 8.5; Apollodorus, i, 3 § 5. Apollodorus confounds the two occasions on which Hephaestus was thrown from Olympus.
- ^ Autenrieth, Georg (1891). "Hephaestus". A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges. United States of America: Harper and Brothers.
- ^ Aelian, Hist. An. xi. 3, referenced under Aetnaeus in William Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
Bibliografi
suntingkuno
sunting- Homer, The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, PhD in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Homer; The Odyssey with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, PH.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1919. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Hesiod, Theogony, in The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Evelyn-White, Hugh, The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White. Homeric Hymns. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard
- Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica; with an English translation by R. C. Seaton. William Heinemann, 1912.
- Apollodorus, Apollodorus, The Library, with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Pausanias, Pausanias Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Strabo, The Geography of Strabo. Edition by H.L. Jones. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Ovid, Ovid's Fasti: With an English translation by Sir James George Frazer, London: W. Heinemann LTD; Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1959. Internet Archive.
- Hyginus, Gaius Julius, The Myths of Hyginus. Edited and translated by Mary A. Grant, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1960.
Moden
sunting- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2009). Etymological Dictionary of Greek. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-32186-1.
- Kerényi, Karl (1951). The Gods of the Greeks. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0-500-27048-1.
- Slater, Philip Elliot (1968), The Glory of Hera: Greek Mythology and the Greek Family, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-00222-3. Google books.
- Stein, Murray, Soul: Treatment and Recovery: The selected works of Murray Stein, Routledge, 2015. ISBN 9781317649847.
- Strabo, <i id="mwBnE">Geography</i>, translated by Horace Leonard Jones; Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. (1924). LacusCurtis, Online version at the Perseus Digital Library, Books 6–14.
Pautan luar
sunting- Projek Theoi, Hephaistos dalam kesusasteraan dan seni klasik
- Pautan Mitologi Yunani, ringkasan Hephaistos tentang mitos Hephaestus
- Pangkalan Data Ikonografi Institut Warburg (imej Hephaestus)