Makan paksa

Makan paksa (force-feeding) ialah suatu perbuatan menyuap makanan kepada manusia atau haiwan dengan cara paksaan.

Terhadap manusia

Penghukuman atau penyeksaan tahanan

Ia seringkalinya digunakan sebagai suatu perbuatan menyeksa tahanan sekiranya mereka memutuskan mogok lapar sebagai tanda bantahan. Ia sering digunakan terhadap aktivis hak mengundi wanita di Britain pada awal abad ke-20, ia menjadi dikenali melalui catatan rahsia oleh Sylvia Pankhurst dan Frances Parker.

Hamba yang cuba membunuh diri melalui kaedah mogok ini akan diseksa penjual dengan suatu alat khas yang membuka mulut hamba tersebut.^[1]

Tindakan sebegini telah diharamkan melalui pelulusan Deklarasi Tokyo oleh Pertubuhan Perubatan Sedunia pada tahun 1975.

Dalam budaya masyarakat

Perkara sebegini ada diamalkan dalam kalangan sesetengah masyarakat di utara Afrika seperti Mauritania, Sahara Barat dan selatan Maghribi dengan nama leblouh [lĕ-bluh; Arab: البلوح, rumi: al-balūḥ, lə-blūḥcode: ar is deprecated ] di mana anak perempuan semuda 5 tahun disuapkan makanan berlemak secara kerap seharian. Menurut masyarakat yang mengamalkan penyuapan sebegini, hal ini kerana pengantin perempuan yang gemuk dianggap sebagai molek dan digemari pasangan.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Terhadap haiwan

Perbuatan ini diamalkan penternak itik atau angsa untuk mendapatkan hati haiwan yang membesar hasil pemakanan sebegitu sebagai foie gras. Teknik ini diberi nama gavage.

Rujukan

^ "Africans in America/Part 1/The Middle Passage". www.pbs.org. Dicapai pada 22 Oktober 2017.
^ Popenoe, Rebecca. 2004. Feeding Desire: Fatness, Beauty, and Sexuality among a Saharan People. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0415280969.
^ De mujeres abundantemente hermosas (Abundantly beautiful women)
^
LaFRANIERE, SHARON. In Mauritania, Seeking to End an Overfed Ideal, The New York Times, published on July 4, 2007. Accessed on June 30, 2011.
- "Girls as young as 5 and as old as 19 had to drink up to five gallons of fat-rich camel’s or cow’s milk daily, aiming for silvery stretch marks on their upper arms. If a girl refused or vomited, the village weight-gain specialist might squeeze her foot between sticks, pull her ear, pinch her inner thigh, bend her finger backward or force her to drink her own vomit. In extreme cases, girls die, due to a burst stomach. The practice was known as gavage, a French term for force-feeding geese to obtain foie gras."

[1] "Africans in America/Part 1/The Middle Passage". www.pbs.org. Dicapai pada 22 Oktober 2017.

[2] Popenoe, Rebecca. 2004. Feeding Desire: Fatness, Beauty, and Sexuality among a Saharan People. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0415280969.

[3] De mujeres abundantemente hermosas (Abundantly beautiful women)

[4] LaFRANIERE, SHARON. In Mauritania, Seeking to End an Overfed Ideal, The New York Times, published on July 4, 2007. Accessed on June 30, 2011.
"Girls as young as 5 and as old as 19 had to drink up to five gallons of fat-rich camel’s or cow’s milk daily, aiming for silvery stretch marks on their upper arms. If a girl refused or vomited, the village weight-gain specialist might squeeze her foot between sticks, pull her ear, pinch her inner thigh, bend her finger backward or force her to drink her own vomit. In extreme cases, girls die, due to a burst stomach. The practice was known as gavage, a French term for force-feeding geese to obtain foie gras."

[5] "Girls as young as 5 and as old as 19 had to drink up to five gallons of fat-rich camel’s or cow’s milk daily, aiming for silvery stretch marks on their upper arms. If a girl refused or vomited, the village weight-gain specialist might squeeze her foot between sticks, pull her ear, pinch her inner thigh, bend her finger backward or force her to drink her own vomit. In extreme cases, girls die, due to a burst stomach. The practice was known as gavage, a French term for force-feeding geese to obtain foie gras."

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