Perang Pasifik
Perang Pasifik, juga dikenali dengan nama Perang Asia-Pasifik, ialah medan pertempuran Perang Dunia Kedua yang berlaku di Lautan Pasifik dan Asia Timur. Perang di kawasan ini meliputi kawasan yang luas merangkumi kancah Lautan Pasifik, kancah Pasifik Barat Daya, kancah Asia Tenggara dan Perang China-Jepun Kedua, dan Perang Soviet–Jepun.
| Perang Pasifik | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sebahagian daripada Perang Dunia Kedua | |||||||
 Kawasan utama konflik dan pendarat Pihak Berikat di Pasifik, 1942–45. | |||||||
| |||||||
| Pihak yang terlibat | |||||||
|
Pihak Berikat
 Kesatuan Soviet |
Kuasa Paksi
 Kerajaan Wiliayah India Bebas | ||||||
| Komandan dan pemimpin | |||||||
 Chiang Kai-shek Franklin D. Roosevelt Harry S. Truman Winston Churchill John Curtin Joseph Stalin |
Subhas Chandra Bose | ||||||
| Kerugian dan korban | |||||||
|
China: 3.8 juta askar terbunuh, 17+ juta orang awam terbunuh[perlu rujukan]
|
1,740,955 askar maut 393,000 orang awam maut[perlu rujukan] | ||||||
Kebiasaannya, Perang Pasifik dikatakan bermula pada 7/8 Disember 1941, ketika mana Jepun menakluk Thailand dan menyerang kawasan jajahan British iaitu Tanah Melayu, Singapura dan Hong Kong, serta pengkalan-penglakan tentera Amerika Syarikat di Hawaii dan Filipina. Sesetengah ahli sejarawan mengatakan konflik di Asia boleh dijejak kembali sehingga 7 Julai 1937 dan permulaan Perang China-Jepun Kedua antara Empayar Jepun dengan Republik China, atau mungkin pada 19 September 1931 ketika bermulanya penjajahan Jepun di Manchuria. Namun, awal Disember 1941 lebih diterima meluas sebagai tarikh permulaan Perang Pasifik, dan Perang China-Jepun adalah sebahagian daripadanya sebagai satu teater Perang Dunia Kedua yang lebih besar.
Dalam Perang Pasifik, kuasa-kuasa Berikat bertempur melawan Empayar Jepun. Jepun dibantu sedikit oleh sekutunya Thailand dan lebih sedikit oleh sekutu kuasa Paksinya, Jerman dan Itali. Perang di rantau ini sampai ke kemuncaknya dengan pengeboman atom Hiroshima dan Nagasaki, dan serangan pengeboman udara besar yang lain oleh Pasukan Udara Tentera Darat Amerika Syarikat, diikuti oleh penjajahan Manchuria oleh Kesatuan Soviet pada 8 Ogos 1945, lantas menjurus kepada pengumuman hasrat menyerah diri oleh Jepun pada 15 Ogos 1945. Jepun menyerah kalah secara formal dan rasmi di atas kapal perang USS Missouri di Teluk Tokyo pada 2 September 1945. Selepas kekalahan Jepun, Maharaja Jepun yang berpandukan Shinto menuruni takhtanya sebagai pemerintah ketuhanan Arahan Shinto kerana kuasa Berikat percaya inilah sebab politik utama yang menyebabkan keganasan ketenteraan Jepun dan proses dekonstruksi kerajaan Jepun segera berlaku untuk membina perlembagaan liberal-demokratik kepada penduduk Jepun yang menjadi Perlembagaan Jepun pada hari ini.
Rujukan
sunting- ^ "The National World War II Museum, New Orleans". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2008-01-06. Dicapai pada 2008-10-28.
- ^ "Russia and USSR in Wars of XX century". И.И.Ивлев. Dicapai pada 2008-07-11.
Lihat juga
suntingRujukan
sunting- Eric M. Bergerud, Fire in the Sky: The Air War in the South Pacific (2000)
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- Buell, Thomas. Master of Seapower: A Biography of Admiral Ernest J. King Naval Institute Press, 1976.
- Buell, Thomas. The Quiet Warrior: A Biography of Admiral Raymond Spruance. 1974.
- Costello, John. The Pacific War. 1982, overview
- Craven, Wesley, and James Cate, eds. The Army Air Forces in World War II. Vol. 1, Plans and Early Operations, January 1939 to August 1942. University of Chicago Press, 1958. Official history; Vol. 4, The Pacific: Guadalcanal to Saipan, August 1942 to July 1944. 1950; Vol. 5, The Pacific: Matterhorn to Nagasaki. 1953.
- Dunnigan, James F., and Albert A. Nofi. The Pacific War Encyclopedia. Facts on File, 1998. 2 vols. 772p.
- Evans, David C; Peattie, Mark R (1997). Kaigun: strategy, tactics, and technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887–1941. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-192-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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- Gordon, David M. "The China-Japan War, 1931–1945" Journal of Military History (January 2006) v 70#1, pp 137–82. Historiographical overview of major books
- Seki, Eiji. (2006). Mrs. Ferguson's Tea-Set, Japan and the Second World War: The Global Consequences Following Germany's Sinking of the SS Automedon in 1940. London: Global Oriental. 10-ISBN 1-905246-28-5; 13- ISBN 978-1-905246-28-1 (cloth) (reprinted by University of Hawaii Press), Honolulu, 2007. previously announced as Sinking of the SS Automedon and the Role of the Japanese Navy: A New Interpretation Diarkibkan 2008-06-03 di Wayback Machine.
- Saburo Hayashi and Alvin Coox. Kogun: The Japanese Army in the Pacific War. Quantico, Virginia: Marine Corps Assoc., 1959.
- Hopkins, William B. The Pacific War: The Strategy, Politics, and Players that Won the War (2010)
- Hsiung, James C. and Steven I. Levine, eds. China's Bitter Victory: The War with Japan, 1937–1945 M. E. Sharpe, 1992
- Hsi-sheng, Ch'i. Nationalist China at War: Military Defeats and Political Collapse, 1937–1945 University of Michigan Press, 1982
- Inoguchi, Rikihei, Tadashi Nakajima, and Robert Pineau. The Divine Wind. Ballantine, 1958. Kamikaze.
- Jansen, Marius B. (2002). The Making of Modern Japan. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-00334-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Kirby, S. Woodburn The War Against Japan. 4 vols. London: H.M.S.O., 1957–1965. Official Royal Navy history.
- L, Klemen (1999–2000). "Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942".CS1 maint: date format (link)
- Leary, William M. We Shall Return: MacArthur's Commanders and the Defeat of Japan. University Press of Kentucky, 1988.
- Long, Gavin. Australia in the War of 1939–45, Army. Vol. 7, The Final Campaigns. Canberra: Australian War Memorial, 1963.
- McCarthy, Dudley. Australia in the War of 1939–45, Army. Vol. 5, South-West Pacific Area—First Year: Kokoda to Wau. Canberra: Australian War Memorial, 1959.
- James, D. Clayton. The Years of MacArthur. Vol. 2. Houghton Mifflin, 1972.
- Maurice Matloff and Edwin M. Snell Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare 1941–1942 Diarkibkan 2015-05-28 di Wayback Machine, United States Army Center of Military History, Washington, D. C., 1990
- Miller, Edward S. (2007). War Plan Orange: The U.S. Strategy to Defeat Japan, 1897–1945. US Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-500-7.
- Peattie, Mark R (2007). Sunburst: The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power, 1909–1941. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-664-X.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Samuel Eliot Morison, History of United States Naval Operations in World War II. Vol. 3, The Rising Sun in the Pacific. Boston: Little, Brown, 1961; Vol. 4, Coral Sea, Midway and Submarine Actions. 1949; Vol. 5, The Struggle for Guadalcanal. 1949; Vol. 6, Breaking the Bismarcks Barrier. 1950; Vol. 7, Aleutians, Gilberts, and Marshalls. 1951; Vol. 8, New Guinea and the Marianas. 1962; Vol. 12, Leyte. 1958; vol. 13, The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas. 1959; Vol. 14, Victory in the Pacific. 1961.
- Masatake Okumiya, and Mitso Fuchida. Midway: The Battle That Doomed Japan. Naval Institute Press, 1955.
- E. B. Potter, and Chester W. Nimitz. Triumph in the Pacific. Prentice Hall, 1963. Naval battles
- E. B. Potter, Bull Halsey Naval Institute Press, 1985.
- E. B. Potter, Nimitz. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1976.
- John D. Potter, Yamamoto 1967.
- Gordon W. Prange, Donald Goldstein, and Katherine Dillon. At Dawn We Slept. Penguin, 1982. Pearl Harbor
- ——, et al. Miracle at Midway. Penguin, 1982.
- ——, et al. Pearl Harbor: The Verdict of History.
- Seki, Eiji (2007). Sinking of the SS Automedon And the Role of the Japanese Navy: A New Interpretation. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 1-905246-28-5.
- Henry Shaw, and Douglas Kane. History of U.S. Marine Corps Operations in World War II. Vol. 2, Isolation of Rabaul. Washington, D.C.: Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps, 1963
- Henry Shaw, Bernard Nalty, and Edwin Turnbladh. History of U.S. Marine Corps Operations in World War II. Vol. 3, Central Pacific Drive. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Chief of Military History, 1953.
- E.B. Sledge, With the Old Breed: At Peleliu and Okinawa. Presidio, 1981. Memoir.
- J. Douglas Smith, and Richard Jensen. World War II on the Web: A Guide to the Very Best Sites. (2002)
- Ronald Spector, Eagle Against the Sun: The American War with Japan Free Press, 1985.
- John Toland, The Rising Sun. 2 vols. Random House, 1970. Japan's war.
- Ian W. Toll. Pacific Crucible: War at Sea in the Pacific, 1941–1942 (2011)
- H. P. Willmott. Empires in the Balance. Annapolis: United States Naval Institute Press, 1982.
- H. P. Willmott. The Barrier and the Javelin. Annapolis: United States Naval Institute Press, 1983.
- Gerhard L. Weinberg, A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-44317-2. (2005).
- William Y'Blood, Red Sun Setting: The Battle of the Philippine Sea. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1980.
- Harries, Meirion (1994). Soldiers of the Sun : The Rise and Fall of the Imperial Japanese Army. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-679-75303-6. Unknown parameter
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Pautan luar
sunting| Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan Perang Pasifik |
- Film Footage of the Pacific War
- La politique de la sphère de coprospérité de la grande Asie orientale au Japon (Perancis)
- Animated History of the Pacific War Diarkibkan 2013-02-27 di Wayback Machine
- Canada in the Pacific War Diarkibkan 2006-03-24 di Wayback Machine — Canadians in Asia & the Pacific
- The Pacific War Series – at The War Times Journal
- Morinoske: Japanese Pilot testimonials – and more
- Imperial Japanese Navy Page
- The Atomic Bomb and the End of World War II
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