Senġi

Is-Senġijiet huma mammiferi insettivori Afrikani ta' daqs żgħir. Dawn jagħmlu parti mill-familja Macroscelididae, fl-ordni Macroscelidea. L-isem senġi gej minn lingwi Bantu Afrikani).

Senġijiet
Senġi ta' widnejh tondi
Klassifikazzjoni xjentifika
Renju:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Klassi:	Mammalia
Ordni:	Macroscelidea (Butler, 1956)
Familja:	Macroscelididae (Bonaparte, 1838)
Ġeneri
Rhynchocyon Petrodromus Macroscelides Elephantulus

Senġi ta' taħt dahru dehebi (Rhynchocyon chrysopygus)

Huma mifruxin sew miż-żona subsaħarjana lejn in-nofsinhar tal-Afrika u għalkemm m' huma komuni imkien, kważi tista' issibhom f' kull tip ta' ambjent; mid-deżert tan-Namibja, għall-foresti tal-Afrika ta' isfel. Is-Senġi tal-Afrika ta' Fuq kif jghid l-isem komuni tiegħu huwa l-unika speċi li jgħix fl-ambjent xott tal-pajjiżi fil-Majjistral tal-kontinent Afrikan.

Deskrizzjoni

It-18-il speċi jvarjaw fid-daqs bejn wieħed u ieħor minn 100 millimetru sa ftit aktar minn 300 millimetru u jiżnu minn ftit anqas minn 50 gramma għal ftit aktar minn 700 gramma. Kollha kemm huma jimxu fuq erba' saqajn li huma pjuttost twal għal ġisimhom u għalkemm it-tul ta' mnieħirhom ivarja minn speċi għall-ohra, kollha kapaċi jilwu t-tromba jew il-proboxxidi 'l hemm u 'l hawn waqt it-tfittxija għall-ikel.

Dieta

Il-parti l-kbira tad-dieta tagħhom tikkonsisti minn insetti, dud u brimb li jsibu mal-art qalb il-weraq.

Klassifikazzjoni

Fil-passat is-senġijiet kienu, ikklassifikati fl-ordni Insectivora flimkien mal-ġriedem ta' geddumhom twil u l-qniefed, ikkunsidrati bħala relatati fil-bogħod mal-Ungulati, miġburin fi grupp flimkien mat-tupaji u meqjusin parti mill-ordni Lagomorpha mal-fniek, liebri u l-piki. Madankollu, evidenzi molekolari reċenti, b' saħħa jissapportjaw is-superordni Afrotheria li jaqqagħad flimkien, it-tenreki u t-talpi dehbin ma' ċerti ungulati jew mammiferi li xi darba kienu meqjusin ungulati li jinkludu l-iraċi, l-iljunfanti, il-baqar tal-baħar u l-oritteropi, kif ukoll is-senġijiet.

Instabu numru ta' speċijiet fossili, kollha kemm huma mil-kontinent Afrikan. Uħud, bħal Myohyrax, tant kienu simili tal-iraċi li għal bidu kienu identifikati ħażin bħala tali, filwaqt li oħrajn, bħal pereżempju Mylomygale kienu relativament qishom gerriema. Dawn il-forom kienu kollha estinti sal-Plejstoċen.

Senġijiet hemm madwar 19-il speċi mqasmin ma' 4 ġeneri u 1 minnhom huwa monotipiku.

• Ordni Macroscelidea
  • Familja Macroscelididae
    • Sottofamilja Macroscelidinae
      • Ġeneru Elephantulus
        • Senġi ta' wiċċu qasir, Elephantulus brachyrhynchus
        • Senġi ta' Kap, Elephantulus edwardii
        • Senġi ta' saqajħ skuri, Elephantulus fuscipes
        • Senġi skur, Elephantulus fuscus
        • Senġi tal-buxxveld, Elephantulus intufi
        • Senġi tal-blat tal-Lvant, Elephantulus myurus
        • Senġi tal-blat tal-Karù, Elephantulus pilicaudus
        • Senġi tas-Somalja, Elephantulus revoili
        • Senġi tal-Afrika ta' Fuq, Elephantulus rozeti
        • Senġi ħamrani, Elephantulus rufescens
        • Senġi tal-blat tal-Punent, Elephantulus rupestris
      • Ġeneru Macroscelides
        • Senġi ta' widnejħ tondi tan-Namib, Macroscelides flavicaudatus
        • Senġi ta' widnejħ tondi ta' Etendeka, Macroscelides micus
        • Senġi ta' widnejħ tondi tal-Karù, Macroscelides proboscideus
      • Ġeneru Petrodromus
        • Senġi ta' erbat iswaba, Petrodromus tetradactylus
    • Sottofamilja Rhynchocyoninae
      • Ġeneru Rhynchocyon
        • Senġi ta' taħt dahru dehebi, Rhynchocyon chrysopygus
        • Senġi ċċangjat, Rhynchocyon cirnei
        • Senġi iswed u aħmar, Rhynchocyon petersi
        • Senġi ta' wiċċu griż. Rhynchocyon udzungwensis

Referenzi

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• Murphy WJ, Eizirik E, Johnson WE, Zhang YP, Ryder OA, O'Brien SJ. Molecular phylogenetics and the origins of placental mammals. Nature. 2001 Feb 1;409(6820):614-8.
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• Andanje, S., B. R. Agwanda, G. W. Ngaruiya, R. Amin, and G. B. Rathbun. 2010. Sengi (elephant-shrew) observations from northern coastal Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 99:1-8.
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• Dumbacher, J. P., G. B. Rathbun, T. O. Osborne, M. Griffin, and S. J. Eiseb. 2014. A new species of round-eared sengi (genus Macroscelides) from Namibia. Journal of Mammalogy 95:443-454.
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• FitzGibbon, C. D. 1995. Comparative ecology of two elephant-shrew species in a Kenyan coastal forest. Mammal Review 25:19-30.
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• Holroyd, P.A. 2010. Macroscelidea. In Sanders, W.J. and Werdelin, L. (eds.), Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, USA.
• Horst, C. J. van der. 1946. Some remarks on the biology of reproduction in the female of Elephantulus, the holy animal of set. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 31:181-199.
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• Lovegrove, B.G., J. Raman, and M.R. Perrin. 2001. Daily torpor in elephant shrews (Macroscelidae: Elephantulus spp.) in response to food deprivation. Journal of Comparitive Physiology Series B 171:11-21.
• Neal, B.R. 1995. The ecology and reproduction of the short-nosed elephant-shrew, Elephantulus brachyrhynchus, in Zimbabwe with a review of the reproductive ecology of the genus Elephantulus. Mammal Review 25:51-60.
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• Olbricht, G. 2008. Aspects of the reproductive biology of sengis (Macroscelidea) in general and the postnatal development of the short-eared sengi (Macroscelides proboscideus) in particular. Dissertation. University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany.
• Oxenham, K. H., and M. Perrin. 2009. The spatial organization of the four-toed elephant-shrew (Petrodromus tetradactylus) in Tembe Elephant Park, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. African Zoology 44:171-180.
• Perrin, M.R. 1995a. Comparative aspects of the metabolism and thermal biology of elephant-shrews (Macroscelidea). Mammal Review 25:61-78.
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• Patterson, B. 1965. The fossil elephant-shrews (Family Macroscelididae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 133:295-335.
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• Smit, H. A., T. J. Robinson, J. Watson, and B. Jansen van Vuuren. 2008. A new species of elephant-shrew (Afrotheria: Macroscelidea: Elephantulus) from South Africa. Journal of Mammalogy 89:1257-1269.
• Spinks, A. C., and M. R. Perrin. 1995. The digestive tract of Macroscelides proboscideus and the effects of diet quality on gut dimensions. South African Journal of Zoology 30:33-36.
• Springer, M. S., M. J. Stanhope, O. Madsen, and W. W. De Jong. 2004. Molecules consolidate the placental mammal tree. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 19:430-438.
• Tripp, H.R.H. 1971. Reproduction in elephant-shrews (Macroscelididae) with special reference to ovulation and implantation. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 26:149-159.
• Woodall, P. F. 1995. The male reproductive system and the phylogeny of elephant-shrews (Macroscelidea). Mammal Review 25:87-93.
• Woodall, P. F., and G. J. Currie. 1989. Food consumption, assimilation and rate of food passage in the Cape Rock Elephant Shrew, Elephantulus edwardii (Macroscelidea, Macroscelidinae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 92A:75-79.

Ħoloq esterni

• Vidjo fuq BBC.
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