Li Niha
Li Niha no sambua li ni'oguna'ö niha si toröi ba Danö Niha ba ba hulo-hulo si fasui khönia. So ambö töra fitu ngaotu ribu niha sangoguna'ö Li Niha.[1]
Ngafu Li Niha
bulö'öMolo'ö Lea Brown so tölu ngafu Li Niha[2] nifotöi "dialek" ba li Indonesia:
- Ngafu Li Yöu ni'oguna'ö ba Gunungsitoli ba si fasui, ba Nias Utara ba ba Nias Barat
- Ngafu Li Otalua ni'oguna'ö ba Gomo faoma Susua
- Ngafu Li Raya ni'oguna'ö ba gotalua niha raya awö Pulau-Pulau Batu.
Lafotöi "dialek" fefu ngawalö li andre me no fahatö sibai ira. Lö aröu sibai wa'afabö'öra simane ba gotalua zi dombua li si fabö'ö, ba hiza ha ba wa'afabö'ö ngawua wehede ni'oguna'ö, si mane na laŵaö saekhula ba li raya, ba laŵaö banio ba li otalua ba ba li yöu. Molo'ö Nothofer arakhagö 80% fagölö fefu ngawa li andrö.[3]
Heŵa'ae simanö abölö muzawili li yöu ba Danö Niha, börö me no la'oguna'ö li yöu andre ira falito Protestan ba woraka Zura Ni'amoni'ö, irege muzawili ia ba zi sagörö Tanö Niha.[4]
Famoligö ba fanura
bulö'öBa li Niha so mato ha'uga ngawua li si ha ba Danö Niha so. Duma-dumania famoligö li nisura faoma ö ba ŵ (da'a dombua hurufo nifili Sundermann ba wanura li andrö). Ba hiza li sindruhu si so ha ba Danö Niha ya'ia da'ö kh ba ndr. Tonönö ba da'ö wangulu mböröta ngawua wehede ndrege wetaronia bakha ba huhuo simane ama tobali nama, bagi tobali mbagi, eleŵazi tobali geleŵazi ba tanöbö'önia. Baero zi so ha ba li Niha andre inönö na sa Sundermann wangoguna'ö nifotöi apostrof (tandra ') ba wanandrai hurufo nihöndrögö simane ba wehede bini'ö ma la'a-la'a.
Duma-duma hurufo ba mböröta ngawua wehede sangulu na te'oguna'ö ia bakha ba huhuo
bulö'ö- a: ama — nama; awa'ai — gawa'ai; ahe — gahe
- b: bagi — mbagi; bawa — mbawa
- d: danga — ndranga
- e: eleŵazi — geleŵazi; eha — geha; ekhe — nekhe
- f: fondraru — wondraru
- i: i'a — gi'a; ina — nina
- k: kara — gara
- o: ola — nola; owöliŵa — gowöliŵa
- t: tanö — danö
- u: uli — guli; uo — nuo
Tandra wombaso
bulö'öSo 16 dandra wombaso ya'ia da'ö:[5]
| Tandra | Töi | Nitöngöni |
|---|---|---|
| . | niti, titi | |
| : | niti-dua, titi dua | |
| , | koma | |
| ; | niti-koma, titi koma | |
| - | famakhai | |
| / | oto-naere | |
| () | kalo | |
| [] | kalo si'u | |
| ? | fanofu | |
| ! | fe'ao | |
| " | famohu(-wehede) | |
| ' | fanuyu(-wehede) | petik tunggal |
| ' | fangadogo(-niheta) | apostrof |
| ' | famo'abe'eta(-woligö), fo'a'u'ö | glotal |
| -- | famaefa/famabali | pisah |
| ... | nitiniti, titi-titi | elipsis |
Fehede fangali
bulö'öSowuge'e ha ba wehede niha yöu so, soyo ha ba niha raya.[6][6][7]
| musindro samösa | absolutif | genitif | ergatif realis |
irrealis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.sms | ya'o / ya'odo / ya'oto | ndra'o(do) / ‑do / ndrao(to) | -gu | u- | gu- |
| 2.sms | ya'ugö | ndra'ugö / ‑ö / ndraugö | -u / ‑mö | ö- | gö- |
| 3.sms | ya'ia | ia / ya | -nia | i- | ya- |
| 1.oya | ya'ita | ita | -da | ta- | da- |
| 1.oya | ya'aga | ndra'aga / ‑ga | -ma | ma- | ga- |
| 2.oya | ya'ami | ami / -mi | -mi | mi- | gi- |
| 3.oya | ya'ira | ira | -ra | la- | ndra- |
1. = niha si oföna
2. = niha si dua
3. = niha si tölu
sms = samösa
oya = töra samösa
Umbu
bulö'ö- ↑ Ethnologue, Nias.
- ↑ Brown, Lea (2001). Grammar of Nias Selatan (PhD Thesis). University of Sidney: Department of Linguistics. nga'örö 7 ((Li Inggris)))
- ↑ Nothofer, Bernd (1986). "The Barrier island languages in the Austronesian language family". Bakha ba Paul Geraghty; Lois Carrington; Stephen A. Wurm (eds.). FOCAL II: Papers from the Fourth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. nga'örö. 89–107. doi:10.15144/PL-C94.87. ((Li Inggris))
- ↑ Brown, Lea (2001). Grammar of Nias Selatan (PhD Thesis). University of Sidney: Department of Linguistics. nga'örö 8 ((Li Inggris))
- ↑ Harefa, Yas (2002). Tata Bahasa Daerah Nias (Amakhoita Li Nono-Niha), nga'örö si 4.
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 Brown, Lea (1997). "Nominal Mutation in Nias". In Odé, Cecilia; Wim Stokhof (eds.). Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics. Amsterdam: Rodopi. ISBN 90-420-0253-0.
- ↑ Sundermann, Heinrich (1913). Niassische Sprachlehre (in German). 's-Gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff. nga'örö 40–45, 65–66.