Belarus（白俄羅斯）

Gaga kska Owcow ka Belarus, 53 00 N, 28 00 E ka gaga na nniqan.

Kana ka knlbangan na o 207,600 sq km（hangan na o Tg86）

(knlbanga dxgal o 202,900 sq km, knlbangan qsiya o 4,700 sq km).

Kana ka sejiqun o niqan 9,570,376 hiyi.

Gaga Minsk ka pusu alang paru, jiyax 3 idas 7 ka jiyax skrayan klwaan.

Manu ka dxgal Belarus ga wada sugan 43.70% ka dxgal qpahan, 42.70% ka dxgal bbuyu, rahuq dxgal do niqan 13.60% na.

Bukung klwaan ta sayang o kiya ka Alexander Lukashenko, pnaah hngkawas1994 idas 7 jiyax 20pnrajing kmlawa klwaan.

File:Coat of arms of Belarus (1995-2021).svg- Kwohwey(國徽)

File:Europe-Belarus.svg-Ida nkiya nniqan lnglingay(自然地理位置)

cinkhulan sa knita’ sa brbiru’

Payorosu(白俄羅斯)

Payorosu Konghokwo (Kari Payorosu：Беларусь， brnahun matas: Biełaruś；IPA：[bʲɛlaˈrusʲ]；Kari Orosu：Беларусь，IPA：[bʲɪlɐˈrusʲ]) plwanan “Payorosu” mi lxanun lmawa “Paye”spatas seyhu hangan cyokoku u “Payrosu” , wa mniq Tongo u neyru klwanan, sotu u Mingsuko. Payorosu Suweyay Sehweycuyi Konghokwo u wada dukuricu kngkawas 1991 idas 8 diyax 25, mntna kngkawas idas 9 diyax 19 cida pa knpriyux hangan “Payorosu Konghokwo”. Payorosu u tunarac mi tudaya pa mssiyaw Orosu, turahuc u msqapah Ukoran, tuiril u msupu Poran mi Ritawwan mi Ratoweyya mssiyaw, kana knlbangan dxral knlwanan u 207,600 pinghwang kongri, knhbrawan kana sediq u 950 knbkiyan hiyi (kngkawas 2018), hbaraw bay ka wa mniq Mingkosu mi msdalih beyring alang mkbrnux, ya bay 80% knhbrawan sediq u tnpusu bay mntuting nanaq sediq Payorosu, pusu bay sawsumincu spuda bnkuwan u sediq Orosu mi sediq Poran mi sediq Ukeran. Kndadax 1955 da u, wada ngalun kari srngaw seyhu ka kari Payorosu mi kari Orosu. Keypo Payorosu pa ini pdungus bay phiyu snhiyan knlwanan, knhbaraw bay ka smluhay Orosu Tongcengkyo, thiti da u Roma Teysukyo, kiya mi ou bay diyax smsung Kiristokyo (so diyax smsung tntuyan hnqilan Yesu………) u wada Psdhun diyax sngayan knlwanan uri.

Pusu pnyahan kari (辭源)

Payorosu（Белару́сь）mniq kari Payorosu pa dungus na u “mbhuway ka Rosu”, kiya mi “bhuway” u ririh sa rakaw mbhuway “Rosu” mi “Orosu” pa dungus na u mntna bay kingal kari, Telu mi sediq Rosu u uka pnluban, sediq Mongku mquri tuiril mccbu cida u, hana mnwaluk sediq Rosu, kari rudan cbiyaw Mongku u naqah matas “r” ka pnrdingan, so kiya sediq Mongku hiya mubahang kari Rosu, so kiya, spuda kari Mongku Opos mi brahun hnang u Orosu da. Белару́сь u brahun kari Telu ka cbiyaw u “Pyeyrorusiya” .... Binasw bnrahan kari Telu jidayi saya daw dmuwi bay “Payorosu”. Kari Surahu “mbhuway” u mntna hari pnhnang kari Telu “bhuway”, binaw ini pntna ka pusu dungus kari, wada nanaq so mntna ka hnang, uka balay bay pnluban ka pusu dungus kari.

Bnrahan kari Telu “Payorosu” u dungus hnang na, kiya mi pnlngu bay dungus na uri.

Ini dukuricu ka Payorosu cida han pa, hangan na ego u pneyyah kari Orosu “Byelorussia”, babaw dukuricu ka Payorosu daw kasi duwi bnrahan kari Payorosu “Belarus”.

Tnhangan Payorosu quri mbhuway u ou kluwanan kari:

13 seyki dhuq 14 seyki iyax cida, sediq Sio thngayan dha Payorosu ka kana nniqan Payorosu saya sediq Surahu snluhay Kiristokyo. Mniq tuiril dha ka sediq Poroti ini pntna snhiyan u Mqalux Rosu, mniq tunarac dha saya ka sediq Ukoran u Mbanah Rosu.
Sediq Payorosu(tnpusu sediq Surahu) u snkuxul lukus mbhuway, so kiya mangal tmhangan niyi.
13 seyki dhuq 14 seyki iyax cida, sediq Sio thngayan dha Payorosu ka kana nniqan Payorosu saya sediq Surahu snluhay Kiristokyo.
Mniq kngkawas 1267 brah cida ini hay knnrmux Mongku tikwo ka sediq Rosu u sediq Mbhuway Rosu. Pnusa patas pkla kari ka Payorosu cuhwa tasukwan, dungus na Payorosu u niqan “dukuricu, mtrawah, uxay sbkuy qaqay mi bawa nsediq Tatan Mongku ” ka dungus niya.

Kngkawas 2018 idas 3 diyax 16, Payorosu mnnniq Conghwa jenmin tasukwan u pquri nganguc pusa kari, brahun kari Telu ka hangan knlwanan dha u Payrosu.

Rikisi（歷史）

File:Grand Duchy of Lithuania Rus and Samogitia 1434.jpg（直到1434年，立陶宛大公國的位置，整個白俄羅斯是立陶宛一部分）

Patas bntasan:Soviet guerilla.jpg

File:Soviet guerilla.jpg（1943年，白俄羅斯的最前線抗德游擊隊）

Kongweyn 9 seyki dhuq 11 seyki, jidayi saya dxral kana Payorosu u nsediq Weycing mniq kongyeyn kngkawas 862 pnhiyu Cihurosu, kingal thdiqan bay qnlhangan pneyyah Ryoriko wangcaw ka knlwanan Tongsurahu.

Mniq Cihurosu takong Yarosurahu 1su wada mrdang kngkawas 1054 daw, wada kndudul pswayay ou dukuricu klualang kongkwo ka Cihurosu.

Dhuq 9 mi 10 seyki cida, Payorosu turahuc mi tudaya saya phiyu Porocuko mi Turohu-Pingsuko dkongkwo.

Kndadax 13 dhuq 14 seyki daw msupu Ritawwan takongkwo, pnrdingan phiyu Ritawwan takongkwo u alaw quri keyjay, kiya hiti na u seyji mi waya sediq mnniq dxral Payorosu hini pa mntna bay, 13 seyki ka Mongku mquri Orosu knnrmux cida, yahan qmlahang ini qbsiyaq kngkawas sediq Mongku Cincanghankwo ka Payorosu, peyyah hini mcbu Sio mi Poran, beytaq miyah turahuc knnrmux Cihu ka Ritawwan takongkwo, wada ini baka ka budayi Mongku, kiya mi muda qndriqan qnlqilan ka dxral niyi.

Kngkawas 1386 idas 2 diyax 2 cida spuda pnstrngan ddha Ritawwan takongkwo mi Poran daw wada msupu phiyu Kongcu pangryeyn.

Mndungus bay pnspuwan ka ddha knlwanan niyi u kiya ka kngkawas 1596 cida spuda Rupurin u qulung bay wada msupu phiyu Poran Ritawwan.

Kngkawas 1696 cida kari Poran ka wada rmirih kari Payorosu mi ngalan kari srngaw seyhu, kiya mi cida daw wada pusa kari ngalan dha smliq waya ka rmngaw kari Payorosu.

Kngkawas 1486 sediq Mosuko Iban 3su u smatang spuda mccbu pkngalun kana ka Curosu kongkwo, quri so dxral Payorosu mi Ukoran mi iril Orusu.

Kngkawas 1795, Orosu tikwo mi Purusu mi Awtiri bnbur pquri mddayak Poran, Pnluban pangryeyn Poran mi Ritawwan pa wada pkngatun, iyax niyi u dxral Payorosu pa wada mndxral Orosu tikwo.

Sao Nikura 1su mi Yarisanta 3su ka mbukung qmlahang cida, alaw hhmtur Poran mi Orosu da mibungka Payorosu u wada prtan mi spoxan.

19 seyki ka Payorosu u wada ngalun jidayi saya mtkla quri knkla minjoku mi jidayi krinah niqan singko dha nanaq ka Payorosu.

Mpqdu ka tumntxan mccbu kngkawas 1918 idas 3 diyax 25, Pureysuto-Ritawhusuko patas pnsdhuwan ida wisu mppstuq kari cida, dndulan quri uuda bokusing knlwanan Doyicu wada dha ngalun ka Payo mi Ukoran mi knlwanan Porotihay, Payorosu ka muwaya balay pusa kari dukuricu, spuda dndulan knlwanan Doyicu phiyu Payorosu Jnmin Konghokwo.

Binaw lmutuc ka mccbu PoSu, wada so tnayis bay ka konghocngti mi dxral tunarac mi tuiril u wada ulkun Orosu Suweyay Ryeynpang Sehwey Cuyi Konghokwo mi Poran tudha Konghokwo.

Kngkawas 1919 idas 1 diyax 1, Suweyay Okwo mniq dxral unlkan na Payorosu pusa kari phiyu Payorosu Sehwey Cuyi Konghokwo.

Kiya mi thiti daw mccbu cida kari bay dxral ka wada ulkan Poran, Kiya mi thiti daw mccbu cida kari bay dxral ka wada ulkan Poran, iyux muda cmiyux pprngaw Poran ka Suo, mniq iada 7 diyax 17 cida balay bay ptalax Ritawwan-Payorosu Suweyay Sehweycuyi Konghokwo.

Suweyay Okwo u mniq kngkawas 1920 idas 7 mntxal umluk Mingsuko dungan, idas 7 diyax 31 cida snburah phiyu Payorosu Suweyay Sehwey Cuyi Konghokwo.

Kngkawas 1921, mnhdu ka mccbu PoSu rngiyan dha ka quri so pprngawan Payorosu, saya u dxral tuiril Payorosu u nPoran^. Kngkawas 1922 idas 12 diyax 30,

Payorosu Suweyay Sehwey Cuyi Konghokwo pa bnatas pnsdhuwan phiyu Suryeyn, Wada mtuspac tumal konghokwo pnhyuwan Suryeyn cida.

Mnccbu tumndha cida, kngkawas 1941 idas 6 diyax 22 Nacwey Doyicu ka miyah knnrmux Suryeyn, prading mccbu ka Suryeyn mi Doyicu, muda ckcka elu ka Doyicu u wada mangal Payorosusohu Mingsuko, wada pspuwan Doyicu ka Payorosu mi Tturu knlwanan Porotihay mi ngalan na Awsuran Congtu Syacyu, kngkawas 1944 butayi Suryeyn u cmiyuk cnbu Doyicu u kiya ka wada plaxan. Iyax cida u wada mqraqil bay ndanan kana tumal Suryeyn konghokwo ka Payorosu, mniq diyax cida, Nacwey Doyicu pa 290 mkbrnux alang u wada sliqun 209, kiya mi 85% kongyey mi 100 knbkiyan sapah ka wada sliqun kana.

Pnuda mnhdu mnccbu mi kndudul mkrana, wada knmalu dungan ka kongyey Payorosu, kiya mi wada mpusu bay mpsalu qqiya tuiril Suryeyn, pprana sngtangan qqpahun, dmudul sediq Orosu miyax qnpah.

Kngkawas 1986, ssiyaw Payorosu knlwanan Ukoran u mnuda Cenopi bakudang hacideynsyo suku, alaw ka sbhuran mi quri nniqan, wada mchdil bay snrtiqan na tunarac turahuc Komeyrico mi Mociryawhuco ddha co niyi.

Kngkawas 1991 idas 8 diyax 25, spuda dnlulan Payorosu Kyosangto, hangan knlwanan u kndadax “Payorosu Suweyay Sehwey Cuyi Konghokwo” wada knpriyux

“Payorosu Knghokwo” ^. Wada mkrhak ka Suryeyn daw, kngkawas 1991 diyax 8 diyax 25 cida wada pusa kari dukuricu ka Payorosu.

Mndukuricu 3 kngkawas cida, kngkawas 1994 idas 6 diyax 24 mi idas 7 diyax 10 mndha umaw Soto cida, mnuka blbalay hhangan ka Yarisanta Rukasnko pa kasi mntxan slxan niqan hhhangan mniq knlwanan.

Tumntxan bnkuwan seyngkyo u wada mangal 45% ka xyo na, tumndha bnkuwan seyngkyo daw wada mangal 80% ka mneytaq hiya mi wada na ini baka ka Weyyacyeysurahu Hurancayweyci Kopici mnangal 14% balay xyo, mi wada mangal soto.

Bukuy na kngkawas 2001 mi kngkawas 2006 mi kngkawas 2015 seyngkyo cida u snpusal mangal soto.

Qnita dha jncweyn kwanca mi pnssliyan kwocitoso pa niqan weycweyn cuyi ka ndanan na Rukasnko seyhu.

Seyji/Cngc（政治）

File:CSTO Collective Security Council meeting Kremlin, Moscow 2012-12-19 01.jpeg（總統盧卡申科（右），與俄羅斯總統普京（左）握手，2012年12月）

File:Btr-d Belarus.jpg（白俄羅斯裝甲車）

File:Belarus-Volot Transporting T-72-1.jpg（白俄羅斯T-72）

Payorosu u konghokwo muda muwaya soto, spuda soto mi kokoingkay ka pnspuwan seyhu, pnuda kngkawas 1994 pnwaya keyngpo, mnrima kngkawas muda umaw ntxan soto seyngkyo, kngkawas 1996 cida bnkuwan diyax soto u 5 kngkawas han mi wada pryuxan 7 kngkawas bnkuwan mntxan, kokoingkay syayiyeyn u pnspuwan 110 hiyi knhbrawan, sangyiyeyn u pnspuwan 64 hiyi knhbrawan.

Binaw, kndadax dukuricu dhuq saya ka Payorosu pa ida nanaq Rukasnko ka phyuwan soto, muda seyngkyo soto pa wada dha chnganun ini mtduwa mi ini mtbalay(not fair and open).

Niqan ka krinaq bay tnkari “nhdanan bay kingal tucay cngcweyn ” ka Payorosu.

Tiri（地理）

Payorosu u wa mniq tuckcka Oco, kiya u taxa neyru knlwanan, mnslutuc sqapah knlwanan u niqan tunarac Orosu, mi tudaya Ratoweyya, Poran, tuiril daya Ritawwan, kiya mi turahuc ka Ukoran.

Knlbangan kana dxral na Payorosu pa 20.76 knbkiyan pinghwang kongri, qnsthyaqan turahuc mi tudaya u 560 kongri, qnsthyaqan tunarac mi tuiril u 650 kongri.

Nniqan Payorosu u mkbrnux narac Oco, mbrnux mi ttruma ka dxral mi to so bay yayung mhuriq dxral, mmaku qringan qqhuni lmiqu u dhuq 40％, tududux bay duwiyaq u duwiyaq Ceyarjnsuko, haypa 345 meyta, utruma bay nniqan wa mniq yayung Nyeyman u 90 meyta.

Yayung beyhing mi tiping pa niqan 2 knbkiyan sngari, knbbaraw u 9.06 knbkiyan kongri.

Pusu bay yayung niqan yayung Tinyeypo mi yayung Puripiyaci mi yayung Sitoweyna mi yayung Nyeyman mi yayung Soju, niqan 6 bnkuwan yayung pa hmrinas 500 kongri.

Yayung Nyeyman pquri tuiril daya mquri ucilung Proti, yayung Puripiyaci u pquri tunarac mi msturung yayung Tinyeypo daw mquri Ucilung qalux.

Niqan 1 knbkiyan langu mi kana knlbangan na u 2000 pinghwang kongri ka Payorosu, knbeyhing bay knrbangan langu na langu Nraci u niqan 79.6 pinghwang kongri, wada knmalu bay tnhnganan dha ka “knlwanan knbkiyan langu”.

Kiya mi niqan uri ka 130 sngari langu sliyan qsiya, mndungus bay ka dduwi ana manu quri qqsiya.

Kntlxan na karac u mniq knmuxul nniqan karac tarusing mi karac hayyangsing.

Karac misan pa so muxul kiya, karac idas 1 tuiril trahuc u ya bay −4℃（Puryeysuto）ka knskuy na, karac tunarac daya u -8℃（Weycyeypusuko）.

Karac rbawan pa mtltu mi mhhuriq, ya bay 18℃ ka kntlxan na.

Tnkawas nyahan qsiya u 550 hawmi～～700 hawmi.

Cuyeyn (資源）

Kari bay kwangcan cuyeyn niya ka Payorosu, 30 kluwanan kwangu ka msasu 4000 sngari nniqan kwangcyu, spruwan bay kwang pa sdan ha ka cyayeyn, snsliyan namniq kana Oco u wa mniq tubrah, malu kriyan 20~115 kngkawas.

Uxay kwang cuyeyn u niqan btasil hwakang mi btasil payyun mi basil seykay mi claq qbulic mi payya mi jyaryaw hhmtur puniq mi yanyeyntu.

Snsliyan nitan u 44 oku twen (snsliyan kana Suryeyn cbiyaw u 36% ka snsliyan Payorosu).

Mttuku balay ka cuyeyn qqsiya mmahan mi qqsiya ddiyun mnarux.

Mmaku qringan qqhuni lmiqu u dhuq 36％, knrbangan ida nkiya qqhuni u 19%.

Snsliyan npaqan qhuni u 10.93 oku rihwangmi, kngkawas pqriyun nganguc ka npaqan qhuni u ya bay 500 knbkiyan twen.

Kiya mi, mniq ckcka dxral Payorosu pa niqan 3.1 knbkiyan lnlamu kluwanan ccamac.

Singcng-cyuhwa（行政區劃）

File:Subdivisions of Belarus.png（數字1為明斯克市、2為布列斯特州、3為戈梅利州、4為格羅德諾州、5為莫吉廖夫州、6為明思克州、7為維捷布斯克州）

Kana knlwanan Payorosu pa psnakan dha 7 ka knlwanan ici singcngcyu, kiya kana ka 6 co（вобласць） mi kingal maci niqan dukuricu singcngcyu hnyuwan na sotu Mingsuko.

Puryeysutoco
Komeyrico
Korotonwoco
Mociryawhuco
Minsukosu
Mingsukoco
Weycyeypusukoco

Keyjay（經濟）

File:50000-rubles-Belarus-2000-b.jpg（50000白俄羅斯盧布鈔票正面）

Knmalu bay ka qpahun quri kongyey Payorosu, qpahun mpsalu kikay mi yeycin cyakongyey mi kikay ddiyun qpahun mi tyeyncu mi reyso cisu u niqan bay knklanan mi knnrana balay, qpahun IT u niqan bay knklanan uri, qpahun ppwalang mi qpahun tnbuwan u niqan bay knklanan uri, pnhmanan bunga tumun mi sama chiya mi yama … u unhiyan na pa mniq ckcka knlwanan dukuricu kwosyey u tubrah kana.

Kngkawas 2005 unhiyan na kana ckcka knlwanan pa mrana 9.2%, kongyey u mrana 10.4%, qpahun ppwalang u 2.1%.

Knhbrawan sediq（人口）

Knhbrawan kana sediq Payorosu pa 989.86 knbkiyan hiyi（kngkawas 2003 idas 1), kawas kawas u wada kndudul mlih.

Pusu minjoku Payorosu joku knhbrawan na u 81.2%, Orosu joku u 11.4% knhbrawan, knhbrawan na Poran joku u 3.9%, Endukuy dow musa tuhuy Awcow cincikontonti da.

Thdin cida ka Piris u niqan dh aka pusa bay thdiya dha dxral mi kbhran ayus dxral, dxral Ruanta- Uron mi Pisukankow, kiya saya na sow Kan-kow-micu-konhkow.

Pisukankow u knkawas 1885 enda kaygi P oring kiya wada sbuway bukung Piris Riawpotears .

Dxral Riawpote u shangan dha Kankowcyowpan, ngalan dha endxral dha nanaq.

Da, spuda dha sowmqraqir bay qmlahang, cida u hmaan dha ou bay qhuni Siyanciyaw, kiya pttuku babaw dxral sow knuo na Siyanciyaw papak rulu.

knhbrawan na Ukoran joku u 2.4%, knhbrawan Yodaya joku u 0.3%, minjoku iicil u 0.8%.

Snhiyan（宗教）

Knhbrawan bay sediq Payorosu pa snluhay quri Tongcngcyaw, kiya mi so wa mniq alang quri tuiril daya u snluhay Teysukyo mi Dukuricu cyawpay (Pnspuwan cyawpay Tongcngcyaw mi Teysukyo)

Bungka（文化）

File:Жодино - БелАЗ.JPG（白俄羅斯製造的礦業卡車）

Lukus pnlkusan cbiyaw Payorosu pa muwaya bay han u wada run llkusan dha Cihurosu cida, thiti daw pusu bay u wada run Poran mi Ritawwan mi Ratoweyya mi Orosu mi duma knlwanan Oco.

Wada run bungka Orosu uri, msdalih quri Ritawwan ka knklanan pchada ka Payorosu, binaw qnita sediq u kiya bay so ini qndhqi ka knkranan niya knlwanan ssiyaw, ini so knlwanan ssiyaw spruwan qmita sediq uri.

Ya bay knhbrawan sediq u ini kdhu ka snpruwan dha qmita knlwanan dha nanaq, hbaraw bay sediq u wada malix waya uuqun cbiyaw.

Kbkuy kngkawas niyi pa, wada pkngatun Orosu ka kari bay waya quri Payorosu.

Rukasnko soto ka pusa kari prradiyo mi pttreybi u kasi ka muru pnwaya, kddiyax pkla kana sediq pa rntanun rmngaw ka kari Payorosu mi khnu payhunpi, binaw ini rngaw ka ya qulung bay dmuwi kari Payorosu.

Rradiyo mi ttreybi pa nknlwanan kana. Singbung u to bay so qlhangan knlwanan kana, mray so “singbung Payorosu konghokwo”………

Kari bay hbangan dnyawan seyhu kngkawas ka ou bay diyax smsung bungka：

Kndungus bay 72 hwang.
Srwasaw na Mingsuko.
72 wenyi hweyyeyn.
Smsung kwoci cweysuwey.
Mwaya mehu kana knlwanan.
Yisu llaqi mi mbbiyax.
Pnsung yisu mbbiyax congyi cyeymu.
Qnnaqah kuxul ka Niarsuwey qnalang beyhing sapah.
Qnalang beyhing sapah Miar.
Diyax smsung Payorosu.
Sspu uyas kana knlwanan mi muyas.

Ana so inggaku mi yisu mi uyas mi geyki mi rmweri, uuda niyi u ptura bay knkla mpkeyki Payorosu, mniq ddiyax smsung niyi, wada dhuq mangal knkluwanan snadu ka dhiya: “Mndungus msediq balay minjoku” mi “Mndungus bay inggaku yisu Payorosu”.

Duma sngayan knlwanan, mray so diyax dukuricu mi diyax dnwiyal, dmudul bay knhbrawan sediq, kiya mi muda quri yeynhwa hweyyeyn mi kkluwanan yosing heytay.

Spuruwan bay diyax smsung pa to bay mniq mssli Mingsuko kana.

Niqan spac suceyyican hniti cbiyaw ka Payorosu:

Qnalang beyhing sapah Miar; Мірскі замак
Qnalang beyhing sapah Niarsuweysu; Нясвіж
“Beyhing llmiqu Pyeyrosoju”; “Msupu dmuwi Poran” ; Белавежская пушча
Sutoruweycotihu “ Pnspuwan Aysaniya mi Hwenran mi Ratoweyya mi Ritawwan mi Nwowey mi Moartowa mi Orosu mi Jweytyeyn mi Ukoran.

Kyoiku（教育）

File:Skaryna 1517.jpg（白俄羅斯文學的促進者弗蘭齊斯克·斯科里納）

Mrana bay ka kyoyiku Payorosu, ipang sapah piyasan pa dmuwi 12 kngkawas ini angal hbangan yiucyawyu.

Tubaraw pnwaya slhayan muyas u 4~5 kngkawas, psnakan ini angal hbangan mi mangal hbangan ddha kluwanan. Kngkawas 2005 snduyan hbangan kyoyiku u 2.08% kana hbangan snduyan knlwanan.

Saya u niqan 4128 sapah piyasan laqi ttiring(laqi muyas u ya bay 9 knbkiyan hiyi); 4221 ka ipang ckcka sapah piyasan(laqi muyas u ya bay 128 knbkiyan hiyi); 253 ka ckcka cwanyey sapah piyasan mi 55 ka tubaraw sapah pyasan(ckcka niyi u 43 ka tubaraw sapah piyasan pnhyuwan knlwanan mi 12 ka tubaraw sapah piyasan uxay pnhiyu knlwanan).

Spuda patas snpuwan qmita, saya ka wa qnpah ipang ckcka sapah pyasan u 15 knbkiyan hiyi, ckcka niyi u ya bay 14 knbkiyan hiyi ka mptusa, wa mniq tubaraw sapah piyasan qnpah u 2 knbkiyan hiyi sngari.

Niqan bay hhangan tubeyhing sapah piyasan u: Tubeyhing sapah piyasan pnhiyu knlwanan Payorosu, pnhiyu kngkawas 1921, mpuyas u 14000 hiyi, mptusa u 1610 hiyi; Tubeyhing cisu sapah piyasan pnhiyu knlwanan Payorosu, pnhiyu kngkawas 1920, mpuyas u 21000 hiyi, mptusa u 1560 hiyi; Tubeyhing kmptusa sapah piyasan pnhiyu knlwanan Payorosu, pnhiyu 1914, mpuyas u 14586 hiyi, 1038 hiyi ka mptusa; Tubeyhing keyjay sapah piyasan pnhiyu knlwanan Payorosu, pnhiyu 1933, mpuyas u 15000 hiyi, mptusa u 700 hiyi; Tubeyhing qnpah pnwalang sapah piyasan pnhiyu knlwanan Payorosu, pnhiyu 1940, mpuyas u 9106 hiyi, mptusa u 630 hiyi; Tubeyhing kari sapah piyasan pnhiyu knlwanan Mingsuko, pnhiyu kngkawas 1948, mpuyas u 4500 hiyi, mptusa u 537 hiyi.

Meyti（媒體）

Dhuq kngkawas 2005 bukuy, niqan 1255 sapah singbung ka Payorosu, hbaraw bay mbari mi beyhing bay nruwan na singbung u singbung soto pankongting--“Singbung Suweyay Payorosu”, dmuwi kari Orosu mi Payorosu ddha kari niyi matas, ya bay 40.29 knbkiyan ka sbari kddiyax, pnhiyu kngkawas 1927.

Niqan hmrinas 1 knbkiyan mi ini dhuq 10 knbkiyan sbari kingal diyax ka singbung pa:

“Singbung Konghokwo” mi “Singbung Jnmin” mi “Alaw Knrdax Cukwo” mi “Singbung Mbbiyax Splawa” mi “Llabang Qnpahan Payorosu” mi “Singbung Suyey Payorosu” mi “Singbung Jnmin Yicu”.

Pusu bay treybi mi pradiyo pa “Kojyo Payorosu knlwanan trybi pradiyo”, kojyo niyi u kasi qlhangi soto, cusi kojyo mi hukucusi u soto ka phiyu mi malax.

kojyo u qnlahang singbungbu mi treybitay mi radiyotay mi usyeyntyeyn cisu congsin mi sangyey seyngdingbu, mniq kbkingal Co u phiyu hwenbu, pradiyo mi treybi u dhuq khbungan mi qtanan kana knlwanan.

Kana seymung mpqpah u ya bay 3000 hiyi. Kojyo Payorosu knlwanan trybi pradiyo trahuc na Pradiyotay Payorosu pa pnhiyu kngkawas 1925 idas 11, saya u niqan 3 bkuwan cyeymu.

Tukingal bnkuwan cyeymu u knkingal diyax pradiyo 19 jikang. Tudha bnkuwan cyeymu u knkingal diyax pradiyo 16 jikang.

“Sotu” pradiyotay u kddiyax pradiyo 12 jikang. Turu bnkuwan cyeymu u primax kari Orosu mi Payorosu dha kari niyi pradiyo, Ukoran mi Poran mi Ritawwan mi Ratoweyya msqapah msdalih nniqan Payorosu mi Orosu tudu duwiyaq Uraar nniqan tuiril u malu qbhangan.

Payorosu kwoci pradiyo tyeyntay pa spuda wangci wangru kddiyax dmuwi kari Payorosu mi kari Orosu mi kari Telu mi kari Doyicu mi kari Eygo muda pradiyo Amirika mi Kanada mi Awtariya mi Cyokoku mi 20 sngari knlwanan Oco mi Ahweyrika, kddiyax muda pradiyo 4 jikang.

Knlwanan treybitay Payorosu pa pnhiyu kngkawas 1956, primax kari Payorosu mi kari Orosu ptreybi, diyax qtanan treybi u ya bay 20 jikang.

Nmalan（其他）

Payorosu ka ana beytaq saya muda pwaya hhuqil mniq knlwanan Oco.

Pskbiyax hiyi（體育）

Pnsliyan mtur boru(足球隊):

Pawrisohu BATE mtur boru cyuropu, cyuropu niyi pa sngkkawas musa pnsung mtur boru Oco kwancyun ryeynsay.
MTZ Raypu mtur boru cyuropu.

Pnyahan pnatas (參考資料)

CIA
外交部
List of current heads of state and government
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF (20200728參見中文維基百科)