George Peabody
George Peabody (1) (1795-1869) siguec un american-anglés desquiet e filantrop que fundec eth Peabody trust en eth Reialme Unit e eth Peabody Institute en Baltimore, en es Estats Units. Siguec responsable de nombroses iniciatives de caritat.
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Biografia
modificarNaishec en South Danvers (adara Peabody), Massachussets, de familha puritana més umil. Un més enter ueit hihls patiguéc plan d'endures pendent eth sòn creishement; aguesti factors enfluiguèren enes sues tendencies filantròpiques.
En 1816 se traslladec a Baltimore e visitec per prumèr viatge eth Reiaume Unit en 1827 tà hér negòci. Pendent es avenents detz annades hec quate viatges més, estbalint ua oficina en Liverpool e dempús era banca George Peabody&Co en Londres. En 1837 se traslladec definitivauments tà aguesta vila.
En 1867 en ua des dues visites as Estats Units e damb plan d'exitura en es sòns negòcis eth sòn nom foguec baralhat coma possible Secretari deth tresaur damb eth President Andrew Johnson. Totun, Peabody declinec aguesta oferta pr'amor que creia qu'era ja plan vielh(2).
Peabody non se maridec pas mai. Va auer damb tot ua hilha damb era sua mestressa (3). Moriguec en 1869 e foguec enterrat ena Westminster Abbey(4). Volguec éster enterrat ena sua vila de neishement, Danvers. era sua mort e funerari sigueren noves internacionals damb miliers (5) de persones que voliuen díder-li eth darrièr adiu.
Negòci
modificarEra guerra de 1812 trapec ajuda financera tà establir era companhia Riggs, Peabody & Co, qu'importaua des deth Reiaume Unit. Dubrigueren sucursals lèu en New York e Philadelphia. Va auer era retreta d'aguest negòci ja en 1829 e era companhia s'aperéc Peabody, Riggs & Co.
En 1835 establiguec era banca (6) George Peabody & Co en Londres. damb eth temps era sua banca erá era prumèra banca americana en Londres. En aguest negòci non se retirec enquia 1864. Quan en 1851 eth Congress american refuséc de pagar 3000 liures tà era Gran Exhibicion deth Crystal Palace, Peabody paguec es sós tà manténer era reputacion des Estats Units.
Quan se retirec en 1864 auia un capitau d'aprop de 16 milions de dolars.
Filantròp
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Peabody siguec popular pr'amor que siguec un gran filantròp(7)(8) i (9). Establiguec ua practica que dempús tanben heren John Hopkins, Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller e Bill Gates. En es Estats Units era sua filantropia prenguec era forma d'iniciatives educatives. en eth Reialme Unit prenguec ostaus tas praubes.
En America Peabody establiguec e donec supòrt a nombroses institucions en Naua Anglaterra. Pendent era fin dera Guerra Civiu americana, establiguec era Peabody Education Fund tà "animar ena educacion intellectuau, morau e industriau des més petiti en es Estats deth Sud (10). Damb tot, era sua més grana benefisença siguec en Baltimore.
En 1862 establiguec era Peabody Donation Fund tà provéder ostaus de qualitat tas praubes e trabalhadors (11). Aqueth madeish an que foguéc aperat Freeman ena Vila de Londres. Sonque dus americans (l'aute foguéc Dwight D. Eisenhower) receveren aguest premi. Enauçaren ua estatua sua en Londres en 1869. un des sòns melhors amics siguec William Wilson Corcoran.
DonEc sós damb un valor de 8 milions de dolars. Enter es quals :
1852: The Peabody Institute (217.000 dolars) (12)
1856: The Peabody Institute, Danvers (100.000) (13)
1866: The Peabody Museum of Archeology, Harvard (150.000)
1866: The Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale (150.000)
1867: The Peabody Academy of Science, salem (140.000)
1901: The Peabody Memorial Library, Texas.
1913: The Peabody Hall (40.00) (14)
Arreconéishença e desbrembament
modificarEn 1862 siguec aperat Freeman de Londres
En 1867 siguec aperat Doctor Honoris Causa en Oxford (16)
En 1867 recebec era Medalha d'Aur deth Congress american (17)
En 1869 Eth Peabody Hotel de Memphis s'aperEc atau tà onor sòn.
En 1869 Londres anauçà ua estatua en onor sòn més Peabody podEc pas anar e moriguEc sonque quate mesi dempús. Ua replica s'enauçà tanben en Baltimore. En 1900 siguec escolhit enter es 29 onorats destinadi a éster en eth Hall of Fame for Great Americans, en New York University, NYC.
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gville_UF_Peabody_plaque02.jpg
Referencies
modificar1.-^ This is the standard pronunciation in the United States, and presumably how Peabody himself pronounced his name. In Britain, however, the name of George Peabody himself, and of the Peabody Trust, is invariably pronounced as spelt, Pea-body (/ˈpiːˈbɒdi/).
2.-^ Parker 1995, pp. 164-5, 203, 214.
3.-^ Parker 1995, pp. 29-33.
4.-^ "Funeral of George Peabody at Westminster Abbey". The New York Times. 1869-11-13. p. 3. "As soon as the ceremony within the church was over the procession formed again, and advanced to a spot near the western entrance, where a temporary grave had been prepared... Here the body was deposited, and will remain until it is transported to America."
5.-^ Parker, Franklin (July 1966). "The Funeral of George Peabody". Peabody Journal of Education (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates (Taylor & Francis Group)) 44 (1): 21–36. doi:10.1080/01619566609537382. JSTOR 1491421.
6.-^ Chernow, Ron (1990). The House of Morgan: an American banking dynasty and the rise of modern finance. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press. ISBN 0871133385.
7.-^ Bernstein, Peter (2007). All the Money in the World. Random House. p. 280. ISBN 0-307-26612-5. "Even before the Carnegies and Rockefellers became philanthropic legends, there was George Peabody, considered to be the father of modern philanthropy."
8.-^ Davies, Gill (2006). One Thousand Buildings of London. Black Dog Publishing. p. 179. ISBN 1-57912-587-5. "George Peabody (1795-1869)—banker, dry goods merchant, and father of modern philanthropy..."
9.-^ "Peabody Hall Stands as Symbol of University's History". University of Arkansas. December 2009. Retrieved 2010-03-12. "George Peabody is considered by some to be the father of modern philanthropy."
10.-^ "George Peabody Library History". Johns Hopkins University. Retrieved 2010-03-12. "After the Civil War he funded the Peabody Education Fund which established public education in the South."
11.-^ "London People: George Peabody". Retrieved 2010-03-12. "By 1867 Peabody had received honours from America and Britain, including being made a Freeman of the City of London, the first American to receive this honour."
12.-^ Peabodylibrary.org
13.-^ Danverslibrary.org
14.-^ [1]
15.-^ Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives - Congressional Gold Medal Recipients
16.-^ Parker 1995, p. 203.
17.-^ A detailed account of the commissioning, erection and reception of the statue appears in Ward-Jackson 2003, pp. 338-41.
Libes tà léger
modificarº Burk, Kathleen (1989). Morgan Grenfell 1838-1988: the biography of a merchant bank. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-828306-7.
º Burk, Kathleen (2004). "Peabody, George (1795–1869)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/21664. (subscription required)
º Hanaford, Phebe Ann (1870). The Life of George Peabody: Containing a Record of Those Princely Acts of Benevolence Which Entitle Him to the Esteem and Gratitude of All Friends of Education and the Destitute, Both in America, the Land of His Birth, and in England, the Place of His Death. B.B. Russell.
º Parker, Franklin (1995). George Peabody: A Biography (2nd ed.). Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press. ISBN 0-8265-1256-9.
º Ward-Jackson, Philip (2003). Public Sculpture of the City of London. Public Sculpture of Britain 7. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. pp. 338–41. ISBN 0853239673.
Pàgines web externes
modificarPhillips Library, Peabody Essex Museum. Repository of 145 linear feet of Peabody's business and personal papers.