Nicolaus Copernicus

I Nicolaus Copernicus (a misusulat muring Mikołaj Kopernik o Nikolas Koppernigk, Toruń, Royal Prussia, Polonia (Poland), Febreru 19, 1473 - Frombork, Royal Prussia, Polonia, Mayu 24, 1543), metung yang astronomer a Polaco (Polish). Ya ing mumunang astronomer a migbalangkas king metung a sistemang heliocentric (makasentru king Aldo) a minalili king Yatu antimong sentru ning sikluban (universe). Ing kayang makasalesayan a libru, ing De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres, Dikil kareng Pamandurut/Rebolusion da reng Bola king Banua), ing tuturing dang umpisa ning makabayung astronomy, ampo ing pinandit ning pamangising a pigmulan ning Rebolusion king Siensia.

Nicolaus Copernicus
Larawan ibat king Toruń, umpisa ning kalabing anam a siglu o dilanua
Mibait	Pebreru 19 1473(1473-02-19), Toruń (Thorn), Royal Prussia, Poland
Kematyan	Mayu 24 1543 (maki edad a 70), Frombork (Frauenburg), Warmia, Poland
Taldawa	Mathematician, astronomer, jurist, physician, classical scholar, Catholic cleric, governor, military commander, diplomat, economist
Alma mater	Jagiellonian University, Bologna University, University of Padua, University of Ferrara
Doctoral magaral	Georg Joachim Rheticus
Bantug keng	Heliocentrism
Kasalpantayanan kabilian	Roman Catholic
Pirma

Lon la murin deti

• Copernican principle
• Dedication to Pope Paul III
• List of things named after Copernicus
• Inferior and superior planets
• History of philosophy in Poland
• Copernicus Airport Wrocław
• Scientific revolution

Dalerayan

• Armitage, Angus (1951). The World of Copernicus. New York, NY: Mentor Books. ISBN 0-8464-0979-8. 
• Coyne, George V., S.J. (2005). The Church's Most Recent Attempt to Dispel the Galileo Myth, In McMullin (2005, pp.340–59). 
• DeMarco, Peter (2004-04-13). Book quest took him around the globe. Boston Globe. Retrieved on 2008-01-14.
• Dobrzycki, Jerzy, and Leszek Hajdukiewicz, "Kopernik, Mikołaj," Polski słownik biograficzny (Polish Biographical Dictionary), vol. XIV, Wrocław, Polish Academy of Sciences, 1969, pp. 3–16.
• Fantoli, Annibale (2005). The Disputed Injunction and its Role in Galileo's Trial, In McMullin (2005, pp.117–49). 
• Finocchiaro, Maurice A. (1989). The Galileo Affair: A Documentary History. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-06662-6. 
• Gagné, Marc (2005). Texts from The Galileo Affair: A Documentary History edited and translated by Maurice A. Finocchiaro. West Chester University course ESS 362/562 in History of Astronomy. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved on 2008-01-15. (Extracts from Finocchiaro (1989))
• Gingerich, Owen (2004). The Book Nobody Read. London: William Heinemann. ISBN 0-434-01315-3. 
• David C. Goodman and Colin A. Russell, eds. (1991). The Rise of Scientific Europe, 1500-1800. Dunton Green, Sevenoaks, Kent: Hodder & Stoughton: The Open University. ISBN 0-340-55861-X.
• Heilbron, John L. (2005). Censorship of Astronomy in Italy after Galileo, In McMullin (2005, pp.279–322). 
• Koestler, Arthur [1959] (1963). The Sleepwalkers: A History of Man's Changing Vision of the Universe. New York, NY: Grosset & Dunlap. ISBN 0448001594.  Original edition published by Hutchinson (1959, London).
• Koyré, Alexandre (1973). The Astronomical Revolution: Copernicus – Kepler – Borelli. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-0504-1. 
• Kuhn, Thomas (1957). The Copernican Revolution: Planetary Astronomy in the Development of Western Thought. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-17100-4. 
• Lindberg, David C. and Numbers, Ronald L.. Beyond War and Peace: A Reappraisal of the Encounter between Christianity and Science. American Scientific Affiliation article. Retrieved on 2007-04-22. - Paper originally published in Church History (Vol. 55, No. 3, Sept. 1986).
• McMullin, Ernan, ed. (2005). The Church and Galileo. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press. ISBN 0-268-03483-4. 
• Rabin, Sheila (2005). Copernicus. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2005 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). Retrieved on 2008-05-26.
• Rosen, Edward (1995). Copernicus and his Successors. London: Hambledon Press. ISBN 1 85285 071 X. 
• Rosen, Edward (translator) [1939] (2004). Three Copernican Treatises:The Commentariolus of Copernicus; The Letter against Werner; The Narratio Prima of Rheticus, Second Edition, revised, New York, NY: Dover Publications. ISBN 0486436055. 
• Russell, Jeffrey Burton [1991] (1997). Inventing the Flat Earth—Columbus and Modern Historians. New York, NY: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-95904-X. 

Suglung palual

Ing Wikiquote atin yang coleccion da reng sinabi nang o mesabi tungkul kang/king:

Nicolaus Copernicus

Ing Wikimedia Commons atin yang mediang maki kaugnayan kang/king:

Nicolaus Copernicus

Primary Sources

• Works by Nicolaus Copernicus at Project Gutenberg
• De Revolutionibus, autograph manuscript Archived Juliu 28, 2005 at the Wayback Machine — Full digital facsimile, Jagiellonian University
• Template:Pl icon Copernicus's letters to various celebrities, among others the King Sigmundus I of Poland Archived Pebreru 11, 2009 at the Wayback Machine

General

• O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Nicolaus Copernicus", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews .
• Copernicus in Torun
• Nicolaus Copernicus Museum in Frombork
• Portraits of Copernicus: Copernicus's face reconstructed; Portrait Archived Setyembri 27, 2007 at the Wayback Machine; Nicolaus Copernicus
• Copernicus and Astrology — Cambridge University: Copernicus had – of course – teachers with astrological activities and his tables were later used by astrologers.
• Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry
• Find-A-Grave profile for Nicolaus Copernicus
• 'Body of Copernicus' identified — BBC article including image of Copernicus using facial reconstruction based on located skull
• Copernicus and Astrology
• Nicolaus Copernicus on the 1000 Polish Zloty banknote. Archived Pebreru 5, 2009 at the Wayback Machine
• Parallax and the Earth's orbit [1]
• Copernicus's model for Mars [2]
• Retrograde Motion [3]
• Copernicus's explanation for retrograde motion [4]
• Geometry of Maximum Elongation [5]
• Copernican Model [6]

About De Revolutionibus

• The Copernican Universe from the De Revolutionibus
• De Revolutionibus, 1543 first edition — Full digital facsimile, Lehigh University
• The front page of the De Revolutionibus Archived Juniu 18, 2006 at the Wayback Machine
• The text of the De Revolutionibus
• A java applet about Retrograde Motion
• The Antikythera Calculator (Italian and English versions)
• Pastore Giovanni, ANTIKYTHERA E I REGOLI CALCOLATORI, Rome, 2006, privately published

Legacy

• Copernicus in Bologna — in Italian
• Chasing Copernicus: The Book Nobody Read — Was One of the Greatest Scientific Works Really Ignored? All Things Considered. NPR
• Copernicus and his Revolutions — A detailed critique of the rhetoric of De Revolutionibus
• Article which discusses Copernicus's debt to the Arabic tradition

German-Polish cooperation

• (German)Template:Pl icon German-Polish school project on Copernicus
• (German)(English)Template:Pl icon Büro Kopernikus - An initiative of German Federal Cultural Foundation Archived Nobyembri 13, 2006 at the Wayback Machine
• (German)Template:Pl icon German-Polish "Copernicus Prize" awarded to German and Polish scientists (DFG website Archived Eneru 25, 2009 at the Wayback Machine) (FNP website Archived Oktubri 26, 2008 at the Wayback Machine)

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