Table 1.
Face Validity Scores and Mann-Whitney U Test Results
| |
Total |
Expert |
Novice |
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Questionnaire | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mann-Whitney U test P-value |
| 1. Degree of overall “realism” to movements of actual laparoscopic surgery | 3.17 | 0.794 | 3.26 | 0.933 | 3.08 | 0.668 | 0.466 |
| 2. Quality of force feedback | 2.62 | 0.882 | 2.57 | 0.768 | 2.65 | 0.982 | 0.883 |
| 3. Quality of images | 3.95 | 0.909 | 4.10 | 0.809 | 3.82 | 0.984 | 0.370 |
| 4. “Realism” of equipment (“realism of laparoscopic instruments, trocar placement”) | 3.67 | 0.874 | 3.57 | 0.961 | 3.73 | 0.810 | 0.530 |
| 5. Your trust in the ability of this device to quantify accurate measures of performance | 2.81 | 0.862 | 2.78 | 0.917 | 2.83 | 0.834 | 0.758 |
SD, standard deviation.