Table 2.
Exercise responses
| Control (n = 73) | HFpEF (n = 109) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise performance | |||
| Peak workload (W) | 80 ± 30 | 40 ± 20 | <0.0001 |
| Resting VO2 (mL/min) | 261 ± 65 | 249 ± 78 | 0.3 |
| Resting VO2 (mL/kg/min) | 3.26 ± 0.63 | 2.72 ± 0.68 | <0.0001 |
| Exercise VO2 (mL/min) | 1269 ± 395 | 899 ± 312 | <0.0001 |
| Exercise VO2 (mL/kg/min) | 15.7 ± 4.2 | 9.8 ± 3.0 | <0.0001 |
| ΔVO2 (mL/min) | +1008 ± 354 | +651 ± 272 | <0.0001 |
| ΔVO2 (mL/kg/min) | +12.5 ± 3.9 | +7.1 ± 2.8 | <0.0001 |
| Exercise systemic O2 content (mL/dL)a | 17.0 ± 1.6 | 16.2 ± 2.1 | 0.11 |
| Exercise PA O2 content (mL/dL)a | 8.4 ± 1.9 | 6.9 ± 2.1 | 0.003 |
| Resting AVO2diff (mL/dL) | 5.1 ± 1.8 | 4.8 ± 1.3 | 0.2 |
| Exercise AVO2diff (mL/dL) | 10.1 ± 2.8 | 9.9 ± 3.2 | 0.7 |
| ΔAVO2diff (mL/dL) | +5.0 ± 1.8 | +5.2 ± 2.5 | 0.6 |
| Peak exercise haemodynamics | |||
| Heart rate (b.p.m.) | 128 ± 23 | 101 ± 20 | <0.0001 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 183 ± 34 | 166 ± 34 | 0.001 |
| Mean BP (mmHg) | 122 ± 22 | 112 ± 22 | 0.005 |
| PA systolic pressure (mmHg)a | 41 ± 9 | 68 ± 13 | <0.0001 |
| Mean PA pressure (mmHg)a | 26 ± 6 | 46 ± 9 | <0.0001 |
| PCWP (mmHg)a | 14 ± 4 | 33 ± 8 | <0.0001 |
| Cardiac output (L/min) | 12.5 ± 2.8 | 9.2 ± 2.8 | <0.0001 |
| Cardiac index (L/min/m2) | 6.4 ± 1.3 | 4.4 ± 1.2 | <0.0001 |
| PVR (mmHg/L/min)a | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 1.1 | <0.05 |
| Ea (mmHg/mL) | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 1.8 ± 0.7 | 0.8 |
| Integrated changes with exercise | |||
| ΔAVO2diff/ΔVO2 (min/dL) | +5.5 ± 2.0 | +8.9 ± 3.4 | <0.0001 |
| ΔCO/ΔVO2 (L blood/L O2) | +7.4 ± 2.6 | +5.9 ± 2.5 | 0.0005 |
Data are reported as mean ± standard deviation.
AVO2diff, arterial–venous oxygen difference; BP, blood pressure; CO, cardiac output; Ea, arterial elastance; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fracttion; PA, pulmonary artery; PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance; SVR, systemic vascular resistance, VO2, volume of oxygen consumed.
aData only available for Cohort 1 population (n = 71 HFpEF and 25 controls).