Figure 4. Effects of Aloe vera Extract on In Vivo and In Vitro Biological Properties of HA-coated Ti Load-Bearing Implants.
. (A) Acemannan, key component of Aloe vera incorporated hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated Ti implant. (B) Computed tomography scan, (B) histology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of HA-coated Ti64 implants with or without dopants and acemannan. The presence of acemannan improved the osteoid formation, which is evident from the enhanced reddish orange color around the vicinity of the implant. SEM micrographs also showed no gaps at the interface of the acemannan implants. The combined presence of chitosan with acemannan further mineralized the new osteoid formation around the implant, shown by the greenish blue color, leading to improved early stage osseointegration. Osseous tissue had been observed to interlock with the implant in the SEM micrographs, leaving no visible gaps. Image adapted, with permission, from [68].