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. 2005 Dec;43(12):6171-5.
doi: 10.1128/JCM.43.12.6171-6175.2005.

Frequent importation of enterovirus 71 from surrounding countries into the local community of Yamagata, Japan, between 1998 and 2003

K Mizuta  1 , C Abiko, T Murata, Y Matsuzaki, T Itagaki, K Sanjoh, M Sakamoto, S Hongo, S Murayama, K Hayasaka
Affiliations

Frequent importation of enterovirus 71 from surrounding countries into the local community of Yamagata, Japan, between 1998 and 2003

K Mizuta et al. J Clin Microbiol. 2005 Dec.

Abstract

Phylogenetic analysis of 45 enterovirus 71 (EV71) isolates for 6 years in Yamagata, Japan, clarified that the annual outbreak of hand-foot-and-mouth disease was due to four genetically distinct subgenogroups, including a novel "B5." Our results suggest that the importation of EV71 from surrounding countries has had a major epidemiological impact on the local community used in our study.

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Figures

FIG. 1.
FIG. 1.
Monthly distribution and subgenogroups of enterovirus 71 strains isolated in Yamagata, Japan, between 1998 and 2003. The subgenogroups, C2, B4, C4, and B5, were grouped according to the phylogenetic analysis shown in Fig. 2. ND, not done.
FIG. 2.
FIG. 2.
Phylogenetic tree for the complete (891-nucleotide) VP1 region of representative EV71 strains isolated in Yamagata, Japan, between 1998 and 2003 and reference strains. Details of the EV71 strains, which belong to subgenogroups A, B1 to B5, and C1 to C4, are provided in Table 1. Branch lengths are proportional to the number of nucleotide differences. Numbers above the branches are the bootstrap probabilities (%). The marker denotes a measurement of relative phylogenetic distance.
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