Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2011 Mar 20:2011:457327.
doi: 10.4061/2011/457327.

Oxidative stress in lead and cadmium toxicity and its amelioration

R C Patra  1 , Amiya K Rautray, D Swarup
Affiliations

Oxidative stress in lead and cadmium toxicity and its amelioration

R C Patra et al. Vet Med Int. .

Abstract

Oxidative stress has been implicated to play a role, at least in part, in pathogenesis of many disease conditions and toxicities in animals. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species and free radicals beyond the cells intrinsic capacity to neutralize following xenobiotics exposure leads to a state of oxidative stress and resultant damages of lipids, protein, and DNA. Lead and cadmium are the common environmental heavy metal pollutants and have widespread distribution. Both natural and anthropogenic sources including mining, smelting, and other industrial processes are responsible for human and animal exposure. These pollutants, many a times, are copollutants leading to concurrent exposure to living beings and resultant synergistic deleterious health effects. Several mechanisms have been explained for the damaging effects on the body system. Of late, oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the lead- and cadmium-induced pathotoxicity. Several ameliorative measures to counteract the oxidative damage to the body system aftermath or during exposure to these toxicants have been assessed with the use of antioxidants. The present review focuses on mechanism of lead- and cadmium-induced oxidate damages and the ameliorative measures to counteract the oxidative damage and pathotoxicity with the use of supplemented antioxidants for their beneficial effects.

PubMed Disclaimer

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Bae DS, Gennings C, Carter WH, Yang RSH, Campain JA. Toxicological interactions among arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and lead in human keratinocytes. Toxicological Sciences. 2001;63(1):132–142. - PubMed
    1. Phillips C, Gyori Z, Kovács B. The effect of adding cadmium and lead alone or in combination to the diet of pigs on their growth, carcase composition and reproduction. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2003;83(13):1357–1365.
    1. Patra RC, Swarup D, Naresh R, Kumar P, Shekhar P, Ranjan R. Cadmium level in blood and milk from animals reared around different polluting sources in India. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 2005;74(6):1092–1097. - PubMed
    1. Swarup D, Patra RC, Naresh R, Kumar P, Shekhar P. Blood lead levels in lactating cows reared around polluted localities; transfer of lead into milk. Science of the Total Environment. 2005;347(1–3):106–110. - PubMed
    1. Patra RC, Swarup D, Naresh R, et al. Tail hair as an indicator of environmental exposure of cows to lead and cadmium in different industrial areas. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2007;66(1):127–131. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources

  NODES
twitter 2