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. 2012 Nov 29;1(1):36.
doi: 10.1186/2162-3619-1-36.

CD19: a biomarker for B cell development, lymphoma diagnosis and therapy

Kemeng Wang #  1 , Guoqing Wei #  2 , Delong Liu  1
Affiliations

CD19: a biomarker for B cell development, lymphoma diagnosis and therapy

Kemeng Wang et al. Exp Hematol Oncol. .

Abstract

The human CD19 antigen is a 95 kd transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. CD19 is classified as a type I transmembrane protein, with a single transmembrane domain, a cytoplasmic C-terminus, and extracellular N-terminus. CD19 is a biomarker for normal and neoplastic B cells, as well as follicular dendritic cells. CD19 is critically involved in establishing intrinsic B cell signaling thresholds through modulating both B cell receptor-dependent and independent signaling. CD19 functions as the dominant signaling component of a multimolecular complex on the surface of mature B cells, alongside complement receptor CD21, and the tetraspanin membrane protein CD81 (TAPA-1), as well as CD225. Through study of CD19 transgenic and knockout mouse models, it becomes clear that CD19 plays a critical role in maintaining the balance between humoral, antigen-induced response and tolerance induction. This review also summarized latest clinical development of CD19 antibodies, anti-B4-bR (an immunotoxin conjugate), blinatumomab (BiTE), and SAR3419 (huB4-DM4), a novel antibody-drug conjugate.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
CD19 molecular structure. CD19 is a type I one-pass transmembrane protein. The two extracellular C2 Ig-like domains are separated by a small helical non-Ig domain with possible disulfide links. The highly conserved, 242 amino acid cytoplasmic domain includes multiple tyrosine residues. Three key tyrosine residues are shown with their associated signaling kinases and molecules.
Figure 2
Figure 2
CD19 associated signaling complex. Antigen-C3d complexes can engage the CD19/21 complex in both a BCR-independent or BCR-dependent fashion. The CD19 complex includes complement receptor CD21, which binds C3d-modified antigen.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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