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. 2013 Sep 9;8(9):e74228.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074228. eCollection 2013.

Changing malaria transmission and implications in China towards National Malaria Elimination Programme between 2010 and 2012

Jian-hai Yin  1 , Man-ni Yang, Shui-sen Zhou, Yi Wang, Jun Feng, Zhi-gui Xia
Affiliations

Changing malaria transmission and implications in China towards National Malaria Elimination Programme between 2010 and 2012

Jian-hai Yin et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: Towards the implementation of national malaria elimination programme in China since 2010, the epidemiology of malaria has changed dramatically, and the lowest malaria burden was achieved yearly. It is time to analyze the changes of malaria situation based on surveillance data from 2010 to 2012 to reconsider the strategies for malaria elimination.

Methods and principal findings: Malaria epidemiological data was extracted from the provincial annual reports in China between 2010 and 2012. The trends of the general, autochthonous and imported malaria were analyzed, and epidemic areas were reclassified according to Action Plan of China Malaria Elimination (2010-2020). As a result, there reported 2743 malaria cases with a continued decline in 2012, and around 7% autochthonous malaria cases accounted. Three hundred and fifty-three individual counties from 19 provincial regions had autochthonous malaria between 2010 and 2012, and only one county was reclassified into Type I (local infections detected in 3 consecutive years and the annual incidences ≥ 1/10,000) again. However, the imported malaria cases reported of each year were widespread, and 598 counties in 29 provinces were suffered in 2012.

Conclusions/significance: Malaria was reduced significantly from 2010 to 2012 in China, and malaria importation became an increasing challenge. It is necessary to adjust or update the interventions for subsequent malaria elimination planning and resource allocation.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. The Shifts of Counties with Different Malaria Incidence Rates.
a: distribution of new counties suffered from autochthonous malaria in 2011; b-d: national distribution of counties at four malaria incidence rates in 2010, 2011, 2012 respectively.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Distribution of Autochthonous Malaria at County Level in the Mainland of China, 2010-2012.
a: distribution of total counties suffered from autochthonous malaria,2010-2012; b-d: distribution of counties suffered from autochthonous malaria in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively.
Figure 3
Figure 3. The Shifts of Four Types Malaria Endemic Counties, 2010-2012.
a: endemic malaria counties’ distribution in APCME; b: endemic malaria counties’ distribution updated based on data between 2010 and 2012; c: distribution of new Type III counties originated from Type II counties.
Figure 4
Figure 4. The Changing Distribution of Imported Malaria Cases Reported, 2010-2012.
a: imported malaria in the mainland of China, 2010-2012; b-d: national distribution of imported malaria at county level in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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References

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Grants and funding

This work was supported by the National S & T Major Program (Grant No. 2012ZX10004-220 and 2012ZX10004-201). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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