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Review
. 2015 Jan;6(1):18-25.
doi: 10.1007/s13238-014-0111-7. Epub 2014 Nov 11.

H9N2 influenza virus in China: a cause of concern

Yipeng Sun  1 , Jinhua Liu
Affiliations
Review

H9N2 influenza virus in China: a cause of concern

Yipeng Sun et al. Protein Cell. 2015 Jan.

Abstract

The recent human infection with avian influenza virus revealed that H9N2 influenza virus is the gene donor for H7N9 and H10N8 viruses infecting humans. The crucial role of H9N2 viruses at the animal-human interface might be due to the wide host range, adaptation in both poultry and mammalian, and extensive gene reassortment. As the most prevalent subtype of influenza viruses in chickens in China, H9N2 also causes a great economic loss for the poultry industry, even under the long-term vaccination programs. The history, epidemiology, biological characteristics, and molecular determinants of H9N2 influenza virus are reviewed in this paper. The contribution of H9N2 genes, especially RNP genes, to the infection of humans needs to be investigated in the future.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Localization of amino acids related to the antigenicity of H9N2 influenza virus on the three-dimensional map of A/Swine/Hong Kong/9/98. PDB ID is 1JSD. All positions are shown with H9 numbering
Figure 2
Figure 2
Phylogenetic tree of the PB2 gene of representative influenza viruses which are genetically related to H9N2 viruses in China. The unrooted phylogenetic tree was generated with MEGA 5.0, using the distance based neighbor-joining method. The reliability of the tree was assessed by bootstrap analysis with 1000 replications. The analysis was based on nucleotides 10–2241. H9N2 viruses are shown in blue
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