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Review
. 2015 Nov;18(16):3013-9.
doi: 10.1017/S1368980015000257. Epub 2015 Feb 17.

Breakfast skipping and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Huashan Bi  1 , Yong Gan  1 , Chen Yang  1 , Yawen Chen  1 , Xinyue Tong  1 , Zuxun Lu  1
Affiliations
Review

Breakfast skipping and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Huashan Bi et al. Public Health Nutr. 2015 Nov.

Abstract

Objective: Breakfast skipping has been reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the results are inconsistent. No meta-analyses have applied quantitative techniques to compute summary risk estimates. The present study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of observational studies summarizing the evidence on the association between breakfast skipping and the risk of T2D.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Setting: Relevant studies were identified by a search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and SINOMED up to 9 August 2014. We also reviewed reference lists from retrieved articles. We included studies that reported risk estimates (including relative risks, odds ratios and hazard ratios) with 95% confidence intervals for the association between breakfast skipping and the risk of T2D.

Subjects: Eight studies involving 106,935 participants and 7419 patients with T2D were included in the meta-analysis.

Results: A pooled adjusted relative risk for the association between exposure to breakfast skipping and T2D risk was 1·21 (95% CI 1·12, 1·31; P=0·984; I² =0·0%) in cohort studies and the pooled OR was 1·15 (95% CI, 1·05, 1·24; P=0·770; I² =0·0%) in cross-sectional studies. Visual inspection of a funnel plot and Begg's test indicated no evidence of publication bias.

Conclusions: Breakfast skipping is associated with a significantly increased risk of T2D. Regular breakfast consumption is potentially important for the prevention of T2D.

Keywords: Breakfast skipping; Meta-analysis; Type 2 diabetes.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flowchart of study selection (T2D, type 2 diabetes)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Forest plot for the pooled relative risk (RR) of breakfast skipping and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The study-specific RR and 95 % CI are represented by the grey square and horizontal line, respectively; the area of the grey square is proportional to the study-specific weight in the overall meta-analysis. The centre of the diamond presents the pooled RR for T2M and its width represents the pooled 95 % CI
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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