The Progression and Natural History of Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

doi:10.1016/j.cld.2015.10.003

Review

. 2016 May;20(2):325-38.

doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2015.10.003. Epub 2015 Dec 14.

The Progression and Natural History of Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Nidhi P Goyal¹, Jeffrey B Schwimmer²

Affiliations

¹ Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Gastroenterology, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA.
² Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Gastroenterology, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA. Electronic address: jschwimmer@ucsd.edu.

PMID: 27063272
PMCID: PMC4829737
DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2015.10.003

Review

The Progression and Natural History of Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Nidhi P Goyal et al. Clin Liver Dis. 2016 May.

. 2016 May;20(2):325-38.

doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2015.10.003. Epub 2015 Dec 14.

Authors

Nidhi P Goyal¹, Jeffrey B Schwimmer²

Affiliations

¹ Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Gastroenterology, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA.
² Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Gastroenterology, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA. Electronic address: jschwimmer@ucsd.edu.

PMID: 27063272
PMCID: PMC4829737
DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2015.10.003

Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the United States. Childhood NAFLD is associated with hepatic and nonhepatic morbidity and mortality. Nonhepatic associations include cardiovascular, metabolic, pulmonary, and psychological disorders. Cardiovascular conditions observed in childhood include left ventricular dysfunction. Furthermore, childhood obesity is associated with greater odds of having hepatocellular carcinoma as an adult. Evidence suggests that NAFLD may begin in utero in children of diabetic mothers. Thus rigorous efforts for structured diagnosis and follow-up are a priority to better develop the understanding of outcomes in pediatric NAFLD.

Keywords: Adolescents; Children; Epidemiology; Morbidity; Mortality; Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; Obesity; Outcomes.

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References

1. Brumbaugh DE, et al. Intrahepatic fat is increased in the neonatal offspring of obese women with gestational diabetes. J Pediatr. 2013;162(5):930–936. e1. - PMC - PubMed
1. Modi N, et al. The influence of maternal body mass index on infant adiposity and hepatic lipid content. Pediatr Res. 2011;70(3):287–291. - PubMed
1. Patel KR, White FV, Deutsch GH. Hepatic steatosis is prevalent in stillborns delivered to women with diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2015;60(2):152–158. - PubMed
1. Nobili V, et al. A protective effect of breastfeeding on the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Arch Dis Child. 2009;94(10):801–805. - PubMed
1. Schwimmer JB, et al. Prevalence of fatty liver in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2006;118(4):1388–1393. - PubMed

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[1] Brumbaugh DE, et al. Intrahepatic fat is increased in the neonatal offspring of obese women with gestational diabetes. J Pediatr. 2013;162(5):930–936. e1. - PMC - PubMed

[2] Brumbaugh DE, et al. Intrahepatic fat is increased in the neonatal offspring of obese women with gestational diabetes. J Pediatr. 2013;162(5):930–936. e1. - PMC - PubMed

[3] Modi N, et al. The influence of maternal body mass index on infant adiposity and hepatic lipid content. Pediatr Res. 2011;70(3):287–291. - PubMed

[4] Modi N, et al. The influence of maternal body mass index on infant adiposity and hepatic lipid content. Pediatr Res. 2011;70(3):287–291. - PubMed

[5] Patel KR, White FV, Deutsch GH. Hepatic steatosis is prevalent in stillborns delivered to women with diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2015;60(2):152–158. - PubMed

[6] Patel KR, White FV, Deutsch GH. Hepatic steatosis is prevalent in stillborns delivered to women with diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2015;60(2):152–158. - PubMed

[7] Nobili V, et al. A protective effect of breastfeeding on the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Arch Dis Child. 2009;94(10):801–805. - PubMed

[8] Nobili V, et al. A protective effect of breastfeeding on the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Arch Dis Child. 2009;94(10):801–805. - PubMed

[9] Schwimmer JB, et al. Prevalence of fatty liver in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2006;118(4):1388–1393. - PubMed

[10] Schwimmer JB, et al. Prevalence of fatty liver in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2006;118(4):1388–1393. - PubMed

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The Progression and Natural History of Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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The Progression and Natural History of Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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