Hepatic transcriptome implications for palm fruit juice deterrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in young male Nile rats

doi:10.1186/s12263-016-0545-z

. 2016 Oct 22:11:29.

doi: 10.1186/s12263-016-0545-z. eCollection 2016.

Hepatic transcriptome implications for palm fruit juice deterrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in young male Nile rats

Soon-Sen Leow¹, Julia Bolsinger², Andrzej Pronczuk², K C Hayes², Ravigadevi Sambanthamurthi¹

Affiliations

¹ Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia.
² Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454 USA.

PMID: 27795741
PMCID: PMC5075206
DOI: 10.1186/s12263-016-0545-z

Hepatic transcriptome implications for palm fruit juice deterrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in young male Nile rats

Soon-Sen Leow et al. Genes Nutr. 2016.

. 2016 Oct 22:11:29.

doi: 10.1186/s12263-016-0545-z. eCollection 2016.

Authors

Soon-Sen Leow¹, Julia Bolsinger², Andrzej Pronczuk², K C Hayes², Ravigadevi Sambanthamurthi¹

Affiliations

¹ Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia.
² Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454 USA.

PMID: 27795741
PMCID: PMC5075206
DOI: 10.1186/s12263-016-0545-z

Abstract

Background: The Nile rat (NR, Arvicanthis niloticus) is a model of carbohydrate-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the metabolic syndrome. A previous study found that palm fruit juice (PFJ) delayed or prevented diabetes and in some cases even reversed its early stages in young NRs. However, the molecular mechanisms by which PFJ exerts these anti-diabetic effects are unknown. In this study, the transcriptomic effects of PFJ were studied in young male NRs, using microarray gene expression analysis.

Methods: Three-week-old weanling NRs were fed either a high-carbohydrate diet (%En from carbohydrate/fat/protein = 70:10:20, 16.7 kJ/g; n = 8) or the same high-carbohydrate diet supplemented with PFJ (415 ml of 13,000-ppm gallic acid equivalent (GAE) for a final concentration of 5.4 g GAE per kg diet or 2.7 g per 2000 kcal; n = 8). Livers were obtained from these NRs for microarray gene expression analysis using Illumina MouseRef-8 Version 2 Expression BeadChips. Microarray data were analysed along with the physiological parameters of diabetes.

Results: Compared to the control group, 71 genes were up-regulated while 108 were down-regulated in the group supplemented with PFJ. Among hepatic genes up-regulated were apolipoproteins related to high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and genes involved in hepatic detoxification, while those down-regulated were related to insulin signalling and fibrosis.

Conclusion: The results obtained suggest that the anti-diabetic effects of PFJ may be due to mechanisms other than an increase in insulin secretion.

Keywords: Antioxidants; Diabetes; Gene expression; Metabolic syndrome; Nile rat; Oil palm phenolics; Palm fruit juice.

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Figures

**Fig. 1**
Insulin-signalling pathway related genes down-regulated by PFJ in the liver of NRs

**Fig. 2**
Apolipoprotein genes up-regulated by PFJ in the liver of NRs

**Fig. 3**
Gene expression fold changes quantified by microarray and real-time qRT-PCR

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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References

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[1] Anhe FF, Desjardins Y, Pilon G, Dudonne S, Genovese MI, Lajolo FM, Marette A. Polyphenols and type 2 diabetes: a prospective review. Pharma Nutr. 2013;1:105–114.

[2] Anhe FF, Desjardins Y, Pilon G, Dudonne S, Genovese MI, Lajolo FM, Marette A. Polyphenols and type 2 diabetes: a prospective review. Pharma Nutr. 2013;1:105–114.

[3] Aprikian O, Duclos V, Guyot S, Besson C, Manach C, Bernalier A, Morand C, Remesy C, Demigne C. Apple pectin and a polyphenol-rich apple concentrate are more effective together than separately on cecal fermentations and plasma lipids in rats. J Nutr. 2003;133(6):1860–1865. - PubMed

[4] Aprikian O, Duclos V, Guyot S, Besson C, Manach C, Bernalier A, Morand C, Remesy C, Demigne C. Apple pectin and a polyphenol-rich apple concentrate are more effective together than separately on cecal fermentations and plasma lipids in rats. J Nutr. 2003;133(6):1860–1865. - PubMed

[5] Ayyadevara S, Alla R, Thaden JJ, Shmookler Reis RJ. Remarkable longevity and stress resistance of nematode PI3K-null mutants. Aging Cell. 2008;7(1):13–22. doi: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2007.00348.x. - DOI - PubMed

[6] Ayyadevara S, Alla R, Thaden JJ, Shmookler Reis RJ. Remarkable longevity and stress resistance of nematode PI3K-null mutants. Aging Cell. 2008;7(1):13–22. doi: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2007.00348.x. - DOI - PubMed

[7] Azevedo-Pouly AC, Elgamal OA, Schmittgen TD. RNA isolation from mouse pancreas: a ribonuclease-rich tissue. J Vis Exp. 2014;90:e51779. - PMC - PubMed

[8] Azevedo-Pouly AC, Elgamal OA, Schmittgen TD. RNA isolation from mouse pancreas: a ribonuclease-rich tissue. J Vis Exp. 2014;90:e51779. - PMC - PubMed

[9] Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Dietary polyphenols as potential nutraceuticals in management of diabetes: a review. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2013;12(1):43. doi: 10.1186/2251-6581-12-43. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Dietary polyphenols as potential nutraceuticals in management of diabetes: a review. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2013;12(1):43. doi: 10.1186/2251-6581-12-43. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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Hepatic transcriptome implications for palm fruit juice deterrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in young male Nile rats

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Hepatic transcriptome implications for palm fruit juice deterrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in young male Nile rats

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