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. 2016 Dec;7(6):360-372.
doi: 10.1016/j.phrp.2016.11.002. Epub 2016 Nov 16.

Epidemiology and Inequality in the Incidence and Mortality of Nasopharynx Cancer in Asia

Neda Mahdavifar  1 , Mahshid Ghoncheh  2 , Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani  3 , Bahman Khosravi  4 , Hamid Salehiniya  5
Affiliations

Epidemiology and Inequality in the Incidence and Mortality of Nasopharynx Cancer in Asia

Neda Mahdavifar et al. Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2016 Dec.

Abstract

Objectives: One of the most common head and neck cancers is nasopharynx cancer. Knowledge about the incidence and mortality of this disease and its distribution in terms of geographical areas is necessary for further study and better planning. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the incidence and mortality rates of nasopharynx cancer and its relationship with the Human Development Index (HDI) in Asia in 2012.

Methods: The aim of this ecologic study was to assess the correlation between age-specific incidence rate (ASIR) and age-specific mortality rate (ASMR) with HDI and its components, which include the following: life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, and gross national income per capita. Data about SIR and SMR for every Asian country for 2012 were obtained from the global cancer project. We used the correlation bivariate method for the assessment. Statistical significance was assumed if p < 0.05. All reported p values are two-sided. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (Version 15.0, SPSS Inc.).

Results: A total of 68,272 cases (males, 71.02%; females, 28.97%; sex ratio, 2.45) and 40,530 mortalities (males, 71.63%; females, 28.36%; sex ratio, 2.52) were recorded in Asian countries in 2012. The five countries with the highest ASIR of nasopharynx cancer were Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Brunei, and the five countries with the highest ASMR were Indonesia, Vietnam, Singapore, Malaysia, and Brunei. The correlation between HDI and ASIR was 0.097 (p = 0.520) [0.105 in men (p = 0.488) and 0.119 in women (p = 0.901)]. The correlation between HDI and ASMR was -0.102 (p = 0.502) [-0.072 in men (p = 0.633) and -0.224 in women (p = 0.134)].

Conclusion: Nasopharynx cancer is native to Southeast Asia. The highest incidence and mortality rates are found in Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Brunei. No significant relation was found between the standardized incidence and mortality rates of nasopharynx cancer and the HDI components. Further studies are recommended in Southeast Asian countries in order to find the etiology of cancer, as well as its diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords: Asia; HDI; epidemiology; incidence; mortality; nasopharynx cancer.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution standardized incidence rate of nasopharynx cancer in Asia in 2012 (extracted from GLOBALCAN). ASR = age-specific incidence and mortality rate.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Standardized incidence and mortality rate of nasopharynx cancer in Asia in 2012 (extracted from GLOBALCAN). HDI = Human Development Index; LAO PDR = Laos People’s Democratic Republic.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Distribution standardized mortality rate of nasopharynx cancer in Asia in 2012 (extracted from GLOBALCAN). HDI = Human Development Index.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Correlation between HDI and standardized incidence rate of nasopharynx cancer in Asia in 2012. ASR = age-specific incidence and mortality rate.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Correlation between HDI and standardized mortality rate of nasopharynx cancer in Asia in 2012. ASR = age-specific incidence and mortality rate.
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