Novel biomarkers for the detection of prostate cancer

doi:10.1177/2051415816656121

. 2016 Dec;9(2 Suppl):3-10.

doi: 10.1177/2051415816656121. Epub 2016 Dec 1.

Novel biomarkers for the detection of prostate cancer

Niels Asger Jakobsen¹, Freddie Charles Hamdy², Richard John Bryant²

Affiliations

PMID: 28344810
PMCID: PMC5356177
DOI: 10.1177/2051415816656121

Novel biomarkers for the detection of prostate cancer

Niels Asger Jakobsen et al. J Clin Urol. 2016 Dec.

. 2016 Dec;9(2 Suppl):3-10.

doi: 10.1177/2051415816656121. Epub 2016 Dec 1.

Authors

Niels Asger Jakobsen¹, Freddie Charles Hamdy², Richard John Bryant²

Affiliations

¹ Stoke Mandeville Hospital, UK.
² Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, UK.

PMID: 28344810
PMCID: PMC5356177
DOI: 10.1177/2051415816656121

Abstract

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is widely used as a biomarker in the detection of prostate cancer and for decision making regarding treatment options, response to therapy, and clinical follow-up. Despite its widespread use, it is well recognised that PSA has suboptimal performance as a screening tool due to poor specificity, resulting in high negative biopsy rates and potential 'over-diagnosis' and 'over-treatment' of clinically insignificant cancers. In particular, PSA does not reliably distinguish either cancer from benign prostatic conditions, or 'clinically significant' from 'indolent cancers', and it is inaccurate in predicting disease burden and response to treatment. There is an urgent demand for novel biomarkers to address these clinical needs. This article provides an update on the novel candidate biomarkers in development, which have shown potential for improving the detection of clinically significant cases of this malignancy.

Keywords: PSA; Prostate cancer; biomarker; detection; diagnosis; kallikrein panel; screening.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicting interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

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References

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[1] Cancer Research UK. Prostate cancer statistics, http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/st... (2013, accessed 4 March 2016).

[2] Cancer Research UK. Prostate cancer statistics, http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/st... (2013, accessed 4 March 2016).

[3] D’Amico AV, Moul J, Carroll PR, et al. Cancer-specific mortality after surgery or radiation for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer managed during the prostate-specific antigen era. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21: 2163–2172. - PubMed

[4] D’Amico AV, Moul J, Carroll PR, et al. Cancer-specific mortality after surgery or radiation for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer managed during the prostate-specific antigen era. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21: 2163–2172. - PubMed

[5] Atkinson AJ, Colburn WA, DeGruttola VG, et al. Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints: Preferred definitions and conceptual framework. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001; 69: 89–95. - PubMed

[6] Atkinson AJ, Colburn WA, DeGruttola VG, et al. Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints: Preferred definitions and conceptual framework. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001; 69: 89–95. - PubMed

[7] Roddam AW, Duffy MJ, Hamdy FC, et al. Use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) isoforms for the detection of prostate cancer in men with a PSA level of 2–10 ng/ml: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Urol 2005; 48: 386–399. - PubMed

[8] Roddam AW, Duffy MJ, Hamdy FC, et al. Use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) isoforms for the detection of prostate cancer in men with a PSA level of 2–10 ng/ml: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Urol 2005; 48: 386–399. - PubMed

[9] Thompson IM, Pauler DK, Goodman PJ, et al. Prevalence of prostate cancer among men with a prostate-specific antigen level ≤4.0 ng per milliliter. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 2239–2246. - PubMed

[10] Thompson IM, Pauler DK, Goodman PJ, et al. Prevalence of prostate cancer among men with a prostate-specific antigen level ≤4.0 ng per milliliter. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 2239–2246. - PubMed

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Novel biomarkers for the detection of prostate cancer

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Novel biomarkers for the detection of prostate cancer

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