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Review
. 2018 Feb:161:79-96.
doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.12.001. Epub 2017 Dec 5.

Focusing on claudin-5: A promising candidate in the regulation of BBB to treat ischemic stroke

Jianjun Lv  1 , Wei Hu  2 , Zhi Yang  3 , Tian Li  3 , Shuai Jiang  4 , Zhiqiang Ma  5 , Fulin Chen  6 , Yang Yang  7
Affiliations
Review

Focusing on claudin-5: A promising candidate in the regulation of BBB to treat ischemic stroke

Jianjun Lv et al. Prog Neurobiol. 2018 Feb.

Abstract

Claudin-5 is a tight junction (TJ) protein in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that has recently attracted increased attention. Numerous studies have demonstrated that claudin-5 regulates the integrity and permeability of the BBB. Increased claudin-5 expression plays a neuroprotective role in neurological diseases, particularly in cerebral ischemic stroke. Moreover, claudin-5 might be a potential marker for early hemorrhagic transformation detection in ischemic stroke. In light of the distinctive effects of claudin-5 on the nervous system, we present the elaborate network of roles that claudin-5 plays in ischemic stroke. In this review, we first introduce basic knowledge regarding the BBB and the claudin family, the characterization and regulation of claudin-5, and association between claudin-5 and other TJ proteins. Subsequently, we describe BBB dysfunction and neuron-specific drivers of pathogenesis of ischemic stroke, including inflammatory disequilibrium and oxidative stress. Furthermore, we summarize promising ischemic stroke treatments that _target the BBB via claudin-5, including modified rt-PA therapy, pharmacotherapy, hormone treatment, receptor-_targeted therapy, gene therapy, and physical therapy. This review highlights recent advances and provides a comprehensive summary of claudin-5 in the regulation of the BBB and may be helpful for drug design and clinical therapy for treatment of ischemic stroke.

Keywords: Blood-brain barrier; Caveolin; Claudin-5; Ischemia; Therapy; Tight junction.

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