Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2018 Nov;6(22):e13928.
doi: 10.14814/phy2.13928.

Moving beyond threshold-based dichotomous classification to improve the accuracy in classifying non-responders

Jacob T Bonafiglia  1 , Matthew W Nelms  1 , Nicholas Preobrazenski  1 , Camille LeBlanc  1 , Lauren Robins  1 , Simo Lu  1 , Alexander Lithopoulos  1 , Jeremy J Walsh  2 , Brendon J Gurd  1
Affiliations

Moving beyond threshold-based dichotomous classification to improve the accuracy in classifying non-responders

Jacob T Bonafiglia et al. Physiol Rep. 2018 Nov.

Abstract

We examined maximal oxygen consumption responses following exercise training to demonstrate the limitations associated with threshold-based dichotomous classification of responders and non-responders and proposed alternative methods for classification. Specifically, we: 1) calculated individual probabilities of response, and 2) classified individuals using response confidence intervals (CI) and reference points of zero and a smallest worthwhile change of 0.5 METs. Our findings support the use of individual probabilities and individual CIs to improve the accuracy in non-response classification.

Keywords: Individual responses; VO2max; interindividual variability; non-responder; typical error.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no conflicts of interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(A) Observed individual VO 2max responses and 2x TE threshold‐based dichotomous classification of responders and non‐responders. (B) Observed VO 2max responses and probabilities of a positive response (>0 mL/kg/min) for participants 3–4.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Observed VO 2max responses, response 50% CIs (black) and 90% CIs (gray), and probabilities of a positive response (percentages) relative to a zero‐based threshold (A–C) and a SWC‐based threshold (D–F) for three representative participants. Participant numbers correspond to Figure 1A. Red, black, and green circles represent non/adverse, uncertain, and positive responders, respectively.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Alvarez, C. , Ramírez‐Campillo R., Ramírez‐Vélez R., and Izquierdo M.. 2017. Prevalence of non‐responders for glucose control markers after 10 weeks of high‐intensity interval training in adult women with higher and lower insulin resistance. Front. Physiol. 8:479. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Astorino, T. A. , and Schubert M. M.. 2014. Individual responses to completion of short‐term and chronic interval training: a retrospective study. PLoS One 9:e97638. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Astorino TA, T. A. , de deRevere J., Anderson T, Kellogg E, Holstrom P, Ring S, et al. Change in VO2max and time trial performance in response to high‐intensity interval training prescribed using ventilatory threshold. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2018;118:1811–1820. - PubMed
    1. Atkinson, G. , and Batterham A. M.. 2015. True and false interindividual differences in the physiological response to an intervention. Exp. Physiol. 100:577–88. - PubMed
    1. Bentley, D. J. , Newell J., and Bishop D.. 2007. Incremental exercise test design and analysis. Sport Med. 37:575–86. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources

  NODES
twitter 2