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. 2018 Nov 15:9:1621.
doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01621. eCollection 2018.

Enhanced Metabolic Stress Augments Ischemic Preconditioning for Exercise Performance

Joshua T Slysz  1 , Jamie F Burr  1
Affiliations

Enhanced Metabolic Stress Augments Ischemic Preconditioning for Exercise Performance

Joshua T Slysz et al. Front Physiol. .

Abstract

Purpose: To identify the combined effect of increasing tissue level oxygen consumption and metabolite accumulation on the ergogenic efficacy of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) during both maximal aerobic and maximal anaerobic exercise. Methods: Twelve healthy males (22 ± 2 years, 179 ± 2 cm, 80 ± 10 kg, 48 ± 4 ml.kg-1.min-1) underwent four experimental conditions: (i) no IPC control, (ii) traditional IPC, (iii) IPC with EMS, and (iv) IPC with treadmill walking. IPC involved bilateral leg occlusion at 220 mmHg for 5 min, repeated three times, separated by 5 min of reperfusion. Within 10 min following the IPC procedures, a 30 s Wingate test and subsequent (after 25 min rest) incremental maximal aerobic test were performed on a cycle ergometer. Results: There was no statistical difference in anaerobic peak power between the no IPC control (1211 ± 290 W), traditional IPC (1209 ± 300 W), IPC + EMS (1206 ± 311 W), and IPC + Walk (1220 ± 288 W; P = 0.7); nor did VO2max change between no IPC control (48 ± 2 ml.kg-1.min-1), traditional IPC (48 ± 6 ml.kg-1.min-1), IPC + EMS (49 ± 4 ml.kg-1.min-1) and IPC + Walk (48 ± 6 ml.kg-1.min-1; P = 0.3). However, the maximal watts during the VO2max increased when IPC was combined with both EMS (304 ± 38 W) and walking (308 ± 40 W) compared to traditional IPC (296 ± 39 W) and no IPC control (293 ± 48 W; P = 0.02). Conclusion: This study shows that in a group of participants for whom a traditional IPC stimulus was not effective, the magnification of the IPC stress through muscle contractions while under occlusion led to a subsequent exercise performance response. These findings support that amplification of the ischemic preconditioning stimulus augments the effect for exercise capacity.

Keywords: cycling; exercise; hypoxia; metabolites; occlusion.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Study protocol including experimental and control visits, which were performed in random order. IPC ischemic preconditioning, EMS electrical muscle stimulation. Black boxes represent arterial occlusion on both the right and left leg, white boxes represent no occlusion.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
(A) Mean maximal oxygen uptake ml.kg−1.min−1 from the incremental maximal aerobic test for each intervention and baseline. (B) Maximal oxygen uptake ml.kg−1.min−1 from the incremental maximal aerobic test for each intervention and baseline. Data is presented as mean ± SE.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
(A) Mean peak watts from the incremental maximal aerobic test for each intervention and baseline. Data is presented as mean ± SE and the differences were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05. ∗Represents statistically different from baseline; #Represents statistically different from IPC alone. (B) Individual peak watts from the incremental maximal aerobic test for each intervention and baseline.
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