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. 2019 Jun 12;67(23):6594-6602.
doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02208. Epub 2019 May 28.

Anaerobic Degradation of N-ε-Carboxymethyllysine, a Major Glycation End-Product, by Human Intestinal Bacteria

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Anaerobic Degradation of N-ε-Carboxymethyllysine, a Major Glycation End-Product, by Human Intestinal Bacteria

Thi Phuong Nam Bui et al. J Agric Food Chem. .

Abstract

Modifications of lysine contribute to the amount of dietary advanced glycation end-products reaching the colon. However, little is known about the ability of intestinal bacteria to metabolize dietary N-ε-carboxymethyllysine (CML). Successive transfers of fecal microbiota in growth media containing CML were used to identify and isolate species able to metabolize CML under anaerobic conditions. From our study, only donors exposed to processed foods degraded CML, and anaerobic bacteria enrichments from two of them used 77 and 100% of CML. Oscillibacter and Cloacibacillus evryensis increased in the two donors after the second transfer, highlighting that the bacteria from these taxa could be candidates for anaerobic CML degradation. A tentative identification of CML metabolites produced by a pure culture of Cloacibacillus evryensis was performed by mass spectrometry: carboxymethylated biogenic amines and carboxylic acids were identified as CML degradation products. The study confirmed the ability of intestinal bacteria to metabolize CML under anoxic conditions.

Keywords: -ε-carboxymethyllysine; Maillard reaction; dietary advanced glycation end-products; intestinal metabolism; microbiota.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Microbial composition of the first and second enrichments in CML (A); CML usage in the first and second enrichment from sample AF1A (B) and morphology of Oscillibacter spp. observed in the enrichment (C). The incubation time was 5 weeks at 37 °C under anoxic conditions.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Microbial composition of the second transfer of CML enrichment from AS1 (A) and the CML usage in the first and second transfer (B). The incubation time was 5 weeks at 37 °C under anoxic conditions.
Figure 3
Figure 3
CML degradation by strain AS3 (A) and morphology of strain AS3 (B). AA_CML indicates a condition in which an amino-acid mixture was added along with CML, while the other only contained CML as the sole carbon and energy source.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Formation of CML degradation products during the anaerobic incubation of CML by C. evryensis strain AS3. CM-CAD (carboxymethylcadaverine); CM-APA (carboxymethylaminopentanoic acid). The label AA indicates the presence of another carbon source along with CML.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Hypothesized pathways for CML degradation according to KEGG and lysine metabolism of AS3 strains.

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