An Overview of Hazardous Impacts of Soil Salinity in Crops, Tolerance Mechanisms, and Amelioration through Selenium Supplementation

doi:10.3390/ijms21010148

Review

. 2019 Dec 24;21(1):148.

doi: 10.3390/ijms21010148.

An Overview of Hazardous Impacts of Soil Salinity in Crops, Tolerance Mechanisms, and Amelioration through Selenium Supplementation

Affiliations

¹ Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
² Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan.
³ College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
⁴ Stat Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
⁵ College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China.
⁶ Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood 3619995161, Iran.
⁷ Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan.

PMID: 31878296
PMCID: PMC6981449
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010148

Review

An Overview of Hazardous Impacts of Soil Salinity in Crops, Tolerance Mechanisms, and Amelioration through Selenium Supplementation

Muhammad Kamran et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2019.

. 2019 Dec 24;21(1):148.

doi: 10.3390/ijms21010148.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
² Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan.
³ College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
⁴ Stat Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
⁵ College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China.
⁶ Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood 3619995161, Iran.
⁷ Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan.

PMID: 31878296
PMCID: PMC6981449
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010148

Abstract

Soil salinization is one of the major environmental stressors hampering the growth and yield of crops all over the world. A wide spectrum of physiological and biochemical alterations of plants are induced by salinity, which causes lowered water potential in the soil solution, ionic disequilibrium, specific ion effects, and a higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). For many years, numerous investigations have been made into salinity stresses and attempts to minimize the losses of plant productivity, including the effects of phytohormones, osmoprotectants, antioxidants, polyamines, and trace elements. One of the protectants, selenium (Se), has been found to be effective in improving growth and inducing tolerance against excessive soil salinity. However, the in-depth mechanisms of Se-induced salinity tolerance are still unclear. This review refines the knowledge involved in Se-mediated improvements of plant growth when subjected to salinity and suggests future perspectives as well as several research limitations in this field.

Keywords: crops; enzymatic anti-oxidative system; reactive oxygen species (ROS); salinity; selenium (Se).

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest, either financially or otherwise.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Schematic diagram interpreting the hazardous impacts of soil salinity stress in crop plants. The figure is briefly modified from the literature [20].

**Figure 2**
Schematic presentation showing the possible causes that overproduce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which might disturb the normal function of plant cells. The mechanism of antioxidants shown here scavenges the ROS effects as well as ameliorative effects of Se to induce salinity tolerance in crop plants. Se represents “selenium” (25 μM Na₂SeO₄) and S1 and S2 represent salinity stress (100 and 200 mM NaCl), respectively. The seedlings are representative of *Brassica napus* L. (Source: [24]). POD: peroxidase; SOD: superoxide dismutase; APX: ascorbate peroxidase; GSH: reduced glutathione; GSSG: oxidized glutathione; H₂O₂: hydrogen peroxide; NADP⁺: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; MPK: mitogen activated protein kinase gene; CPK: calcium dependent protein kinase gene; NHX: sodium/hydrogen (Na⁺/H⁺) exchanger gene.

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References

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1. Abbasi G.H., Akhtar J., Ahmad R., Jamil M., Anwar-Ul-Haq M., Ali S., Ijaz M. Potassium application mitigates salt stress differentially at different growth stages in tolerant and sensitive maize hybrids. Plant Growth Regul. 2015;76:111–125. doi: 10.1007/s10725-015-0050-1. - DOI
1. Wallender W.W., Tanji K.K. Agricultural Salinity Assessment and Management. American Society of Civil Engineers; Reston, VA, USA: 2011.
1. Munns R., Tester M. Mechanisms of Salinity Tolerance. Ann. Rev. Plant Biol. 2008;59:651–681. doi: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092911. - DOI - PubMed
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[1] Gontia-Mishra I., Sasidharan S., Tiwari S. Recent developments in use of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase for conferring tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. Biotechnol. Lett. 2014;36:889–898. doi: 10.1007/s10529-014-1458-9. - DOI - PubMed

[2] Gontia-Mishra I., Sasidharan S., Tiwari S. Recent developments in use of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase for conferring tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. Biotechnol. Lett. 2014;36:889–898. doi: 10.1007/s10529-014-1458-9. - DOI - PubMed

[3] Abbasi G.H., Akhtar J., Ahmad R., Jamil M., Anwar-Ul-Haq M., Ali S., Ijaz M. Potassium application mitigates salt stress differentially at different growth stages in tolerant and sensitive maize hybrids. Plant Growth Regul. 2015;76:111–125. doi: 10.1007/s10725-015-0050-1. - DOI

[4] Abbasi G.H., Akhtar J., Ahmad R., Jamil M., Anwar-Ul-Haq M., Ali S., Ijaz M. Potassium application mitigates salt stress differentially at different growth stages in tolerant and sensitive maize hybrids. Plant Growth Regul. 2015;76:111–125. doi: 10.1007/s10725-015-0050-1. - DOI

[5] Wallender W.W., Tanji K.K. Agricultural Salinity Assessment and Management. American Society of Civil Engineers; Reston, VA, USA: 2011.

[6] Wallender W.W., Tanji K.K. Agricultural Salinity Assessment and Management. American Society of Civil Engineers; Reston, VA, USA: 2011.

[7] Munns R., Tester M. Mechanisms of Salinity Tolerance. Ann. Rev. Plant Biol. 2008;59:651–681. doi: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092911. - DOI - PubMed

[8] Munns R., Tester M. Mechanisms of Salinity Tolerance. Ann. Rev. Plant Biol. 2008;59:651–681. doi: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092911. - DOI - PubMed

[9] Abdel Latef A.A. Changes of antioxidative enzymes in salinity tolerance among different wheat cultivars. Cereal Res. Commun. 2010;38:43–55. doi: 10.1556/CRC.38.2010.1.5. - DOI

[10] Abdel Latef A.A. Changes of antioxidative enzymes in salinity tolerance among different wheat cultivars. Cereal Res. Commun. 2010;38:43–55. doi: 10.1556/CRC.38.2010.1.5. - DOI

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An Overview of Hazardous Impacts of Soil Salinity in Crops, Tolerance Mechanisms, and Amelioration through Selenium Supplementation

Affiliations

An Overview of Hazardous Impacts of Soil Salinity in Crops, Tolerance Mechanisms, and Amelioration through Selenium Supplementation

Authors

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